Victoria (krater)
For alternative betydninger, se Victoria. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Victoria)
For alternative betydninger, se Victoria er et 70 meter dybt nedslagskrater på Mars beliggende ved 2,05 ° S, 5,50 ° W på sletten Meridiani Planum. Krateret, der er ca. 730 meter bredt, næsten otte gange så stort som krateret Endurance, blev først besøgt af Mars Exploration Rover- Opportunity fra solerne 951[1] til 1630.[2][3] Krateret er uformelt opkaldt efter skibet Victoria – et af Ferdinand Magellans fem spanske skibe, og det første skib, der sejlede rundt om Jorden; og formelt opkaldt efter Victoria på Seychellerne.
Opportunity rejste i 21 måneder til Victoriakrateret, før den nåede kraterkanten den 26. september 2006 (sol 951),[1] ved den nyligt navngivne "Duck Bay".[4] Ved roveren var der en række formationer, der blev døbt "No Name", "Duck Crater", "Emma Dean", "Maid of the Canyon" og "Kitty Clyde's Sister". Langs kraterets kanter er der mange fremspringende klipper og "bugter", der er navngivet efter de bugter og klipper, som Magellan opdagede på sin rejse med Victoria.[5]
Udforskning
Efter ankomsten til krateret foretog roveren en rejse langs kraterranden, hvor den nåede cirka en fjerdedel af vejen rundt om krateret. Kørslen gjorde det muligt at identificere områder, hvor det er muligt at komme ned i krateret og op igen samt at skabe et topografisk kort i høj opløsning af krateret og teste roverens software.[5] Rover undersøgte kratervæggenes forskellige lag i de forskellige klippefremspring og karakteren af de mørke striber nord for krateret.[6]
Kraterets indre
Efter en støvstorm, der omfattede hele planeten, havde forsinket roverens nedkørsel i seks uger, kørte roveren ned i krateret ved et punkt i Duck Bay på sol 1293.[7][8] Under roverens ophold i krateret blev der indsamlet data fra klippelagene inde i krateret, og der blev optaget højopløselige billeder af Kap Verde. [2]
Rover forlod kraterets indre på sol 1634 (29. august 2008), efter at have oplevet en udslag i strømforsyningen svarende til det, der gik forud for funktionssvigtet i den anden rover Spirits højre forhjul.[2] Roveren blev herefter ledt til sin næste store destination, krateret Endeavour.[9]
Referencer
- ^ a b "NASA Mars Rover Arrives at Dramatic Vista on Red Planet". Arkiveret fra originalen 11. juli 2015. Hentet 20. juli 2020.
- ^ a b c A.J.S. Rayl (2008-08-31). "Opportunity Exits Victoria Crater, Spirit Picks Up Pace on Panorama". Planetary Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 22. september 2011. Hentet 2011-01-12.
- ^ ""Victoria Crater" at Meridiani Planum". Arkiveret fra originalen 13. oktober 2016. Hentet 2006-10-09.
- ^ "PIA08777: Overview of Approach to 'Victoria'". Hentet 2006-10-09.
- ^ a b A.J.S. Rayl. "Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Spirit Gets Back Home (To Where It Once Belonged), Opportunity Completes 10K at Victoria's Rim". The Planetary Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 1. oktober 2007. Hentet 2007-09-21.
- ^ A.J.S. Rayl. "Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Spirit Homes in on Mitcheltree Ridge, Opportunity Crosses Valley Without Peril". The Planetary Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 29. september 2007. Hentet 2007-09-21.
- ^ "Mars Exploration Rover Status Report: Rovers Resume Driving". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Arkiveret fra originalen 6. december 2007. Hentet 2007-09-14.
- ^ "Rover Status Report: Opportunity Begins Sustained Exploration Inside Crater". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Arkiveret fra originalen 20. september 2008. Hentet 2007-09-14.
- ^ Rayl, A.J.S. (2008-10-31). "Spirit "Bumps" a Move, Opportunity Puts the Pedal to the Metal". Planetary Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 24. november 2012. Hentet 2008-11-01.
Eksterne henvisninger
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A 1×1 transparent image. Useful for when a template requires an image but you don't have one.
Victoria Crater from Cape Verde.
Original caption from NASA: "This image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the view of Victoria Crater from Cape Verde. Since reaching the crater on Sol 951 (September 27, 2006) Opportunity has been making its way around the rim in a clockwise direction. Victoria Crater is roughly 800 meters (one-half mile) wide - about five times wider than Endurance Crater, and 40 times as wide as Eagle crater. The south face of the 15 meter (50 foot) tall Cape St. Mary is visible in the left portion of this image. On the right is Duck Bay, and beyond that, the north face of the 15 meter (50 foot) tall stack of layered rocks called Cabo Frio can be seen on the inner crater wall.
This mosaic was taken over the conjunction time period, from Sols 970 to 991 (October 16 - November 6, 2006). It was generated from Pancam's 753 nm, 535 nm, and 432 nm filters."
This image from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows "Victoria crater," an impact crater at Meridiani Planum, near the equator of Mars. The crater is approximately 800 meters (half a mile) in diameter. It has a distinctive scalloped shape to its rim, caused by erosion and downhill movement of crater wall material. Layered sedimentary rocks are exposed along the inner wall of the crater, and boulders that have fallen from the crater wall are visible on the crater floor. The floor of the crater is occupied by a striking field of sand dunes.
Since January 2004, the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has been operating at Meridiani Planum. Five days before this image was taken, Opportunity arrived at the rim of Victoria crater, after a drive of more than 9 kilometers (over 5 miles). The rover can be seen in this image, at roughly the "ten o'clock" position along the rim of the crater.
This view is a portion of an image taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on Oct. 3, 2006. The complete image is centered at minus7.8 degrees latitude, 279.5 degrees East longitude. The range to the target site was 297 kilometers (185.6 miles). At this distance the image scale is 29.7 centimeters (12 inches) per pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) so objects about 89 centimeters (35 inches) across are resolved. The image shown here has been map-projected to 25 centimeters (10 inches) per pixel and north is up. The image was taken at a local Mars time of 3:30 PM and the scene is illuminated from the west with a solar incidence angle of 59.7 degrees, thus the sun was about 30.3 degrees above the horizon. At a solar longitude of 113.6 degrees, the season on Mars is northern summer. The full-resolution TIFF file (HiRISE number TRA_000873_1780) can be viewed or downloaded here PIA08813-hi-res.tif; the full-resolution JPEG can be viewed or downloaded here PIA08813-hi-res.jpg.