Verdens største metropolområder
Et koncept, der måler verdens største byer, er metroområder, der er baseret på arbejdsmarkedet og er typisk defineret som et beskæftigelsescenter (et område med en høj densitet af arbejdspladser) og de omkringliggende områder, der har omfattende pendling til centeret. Der er i øjeblikket ingen almindelig accepteret, global definition af præcis, hvad der udgør et metroområde, hvilket gør sammenligninger mellem byer i forskellige lande vanskeligt.
Som et alternativ til metroområdet introducerede Eurostat begrebet større byzone i 2004.[1] På samme måde definerer OECD funktionelle byområder for byer i OECD-lande.[2] Både større byområde og funktionelle byområde definerer en by som en bykerne omgivet af en pendlingszone, og det svarer til det generelle koncept for "metroområdet". Eurostat beregner kun større byzone-populationer for EU-medlemsstater, kandidatlande og medlemmer af det europæiske frihandelsområde. OECD beregner funktionelle byområder i OECD-landene. Disse to statistikker er derfor ikke tilgængelige for de fleste udviklingslande.
For sammenlignelighed indeholder denne liste hovedsageligt tal fra "Demographia World Urban Areas" (13th Annual edition, april 2017).[3]
Verdens absolut største metroområde er Tokyo-Yokohama med 37.900.000 indbyggere. Listen indeholder 23 metrområder med mere end 4.310.000 indbyggere i Kina, 12 metroområder i USA med mere end 4.295.000 indbyggere og ni metroområder i Indien med mere end 5.935.000 indbyggere. Europa, inklusiv Rusland, har i alt ni byområder på listen.
Metroområder i indbyggertal
Plads | By | Indbyggertal | Land |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tokyo-Yokohama | 37.900.000 (2016)[4] | Japan |
2 | Jakarta (Jabodetabek) | 31.760.000 (2016)[5] | Indonesien |
3 | New Delhi | 26.495.000 (2016)[6] | Indien |
4 | Manila | 13.484.462 (2020)[7] | Filippinerne |
5 | Seoul-Incheon | 24.105.000 (2016)[8] | Sydkorea |
6 | Karachi | 23.545.000 (2016)[9] | Pakistan |
7 | Shanghai | 24.870.895 (2020)[10] | Kina |
8 | Mumbai | 304.442.104 (2023)[11] | Indien |
9 | Beijing | 21.893.095 (2020)[12] | Kina |
10 | New York city | 19,84 millioner | USA |
11 | Sao Paulo | 20.850.000 (2016)[13] | Brasilien |
12 | Mexico City | 21.905.000 (2022)[14] | Mexico |
13 | Guangzhou-Foshan | 19.075.000 (2016)[15] | Kina |
14 | Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto | 19.302.746 (2015) | Japan |
15 | Dhaka | 16.820.000 (2016)[16] | Bangladesh |
16 | Moskva | 17.125.000 (2020)[17] | Rusland |
17 | Kairo | 21.381.869 (2021)[18] | Egypten |
18 | Bangkok | 15.645.000 (2016)[19] | Thailand |
19 | Los Angeles-Riverside | 15.500.000 (2016)[20] | USA |
20 | Buenos Aires | 15.355.000 (2016)[21] | Argentina |
21 | Kolkata | 14.112.536 (2011)[22] | Indien |
22 | Teheran | 13.805.000 (2016)[23] | Iran |
23 | Istanbul | 13.000.755 (2016)[24] | Tyrkiet |
24 | Lagos | 13.360.000 (2016)[25] | Nigeria |
25 | Tianjin | 13.866.009 (2020)[26] | Kina |
26 | Shenzhen | 12.775.000 (2016)[27] | Kina |
27 | Rio de Janeiro | 11.900.000 (2)[28] | Brasilien |
28 | Kinshasa | 11.855.000 (2016)[29] | Demokratiske Republik Congo |
29 | Lima | 9.943.800 (2022) | Peru |
30 | Chengdu | 20.937.757 (2020)[30] | Kina |
31 | Paris | 10.950.000 (2016)[31] | Frankrig |
32 | Lahore | 11.126.285 (2017)[32] | Pakistan |
33 | Bangalore | 12.327.000 (2020)[33] | Indien |
34 | London | 24.257.962 (2021)[34] | Storbritannien |
35 | Ho Chi Minh-byen | 10.380.000 (2016)[35] | Vietnam |
36 | Chennai | 10.265.000 (2016)[36] | Indien |
37 | Nagoya (Chūkyō metropolområde) | 10.070.000 (2016)[37] | Japan |
38 | Bogotá | 7.743.955 (2020)[38] | Colombia |
39 | Hyderabad | 9.305.000 (2016)[39] | Indien |
40 | Chicago | 9.838.421 (2020)[40], 10.055.638 (2009), 9.618.502 (2020)[41] | USA |
41 | Johannesburg-East Rand | 8.880.000 (2016)[42] | Sydafrika |
42 | Taipei–Keelung metropolområde | 8.550.000 (2016)[43] | Taiwan |
43 | Dongguan | 10.466.625 (2020)[44] | Kina |
44 | Chongqing | 32.054.159 (2020)[45] | Kina |
45 | Shenyang-Fushun | 9.070.093 (2020)[46] | Kina |
46 | Wuhan | 12.326.518 (2020)[47] | Kina |
47 | Hanoi | 8.246.600 (2020)[48] | Vietnam |
48 | Ahmedabad | 7.645.000 (2016) | Indien |
49 | Onitsha | 1.483.000 (2021)[49] | Nigeria |
50 | Kuala Lumpur | 1.982.100 (2020)[50] | Malaysia |
51 | Hong Kong | 7.413.070 (2021)[51] | Kina |
52 | Boston-Providence | 7.265.000 (2016)[52] | USA |
53 | Luanda | 2.487.444 (2018)[53] | Angola |
54 | Zhengzhou | 12.600.574 (2020)[54] | Kina |
55 | Baghdad | 8.126.755 (2018)[55] | Irak |
56 | Hangzhou | 11.936.010 (2020)[56] | Kina |
57 | Essen-Düsseldorf | 6.670.000 (2016)[57] | Tyskland |
58 | Toronto | 6.530.000 (2016)[58] | Canada |
59 | Quanzhou | 8.782.285 (2020)[59] | Kina |
60 | Dallas-Fort Worth | 7.637.387 (2020)[60] | USA |
61 | San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland | 9.666.055 (2018) | USA |
62 | Nanjing | 9.314.685 (2020)[61] | Kina |
63 | Santiago | 6.257.516 (2017) | Chile |
63 | Madrid | 6.310.000 (2016)[62] | Spanien |
65 | Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land | 6.155.000 (2016)[63], 7.122.240 (2020)[64] | USA |
66 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie | 10.138.659 (2020)[65] | USA |
67 | Riyadh | 7.009.100 (2022) | Saudi-Arabien |
68 | Pune | 5.945.000 (2016)[66] | Indien |
69 | Surat | 5.935.000 (2016)[67] | Indien |
70 | Singapore | 5.866.139 (2021)[68] | Singapore |
71 | Bandung | 2.875.673 (2010) | Indonesien |
72 | Suzhou | 12.748.262 (2020)[69] | Kina |
73 | Qingdao | 10.071.722 (2020)[70] | Kina |
74 | Xi'an | 12.952.907 (2020)[71] | Kina |
75 | Philadelphia-Reading-Camden | 5.555.000 (2016)[72], 6.245.051 (2020)[73] | USA |
76 | Nairobi | 5.545.000 (2016)[74] | Kenya |
77 | Rangoon | 5.209.541 (2013), 5.430.000 (2016)[75], 7.360.703 (2015)[76], 6.874.000 (2022)[75] | Myanmar |
78 | Khartoum | 5.345.000 (2018)[77] | Sudan |
79 | Milano | 5.280.000 (2016)[78] | Italien |
80 | Fuzhou | 8.291.268 (2020)[79] | Kina |
81 | Atlanta–Athens-Clarke–Sandy Springs | 5.240.000 (2016)[80], 6.089.815 (2020)[81] | USA |
82 | Sankt Petersborg | 5.384.342 (2021)[82] | Rusland |
83 | Washington – Arlington – Alexandria | 6.385.162 (2020)[83] | USA |
84 | Harbin | 10.009.854 (2020)[84] | Kina |
85 | Amman | 4.007.526 (2015) | Jordan |
86 | Abidjan | 4.980.000 (2016)[85] | Elfenbenskysten |
87 | Surabaya | 2.885.555 (2018)[86] | Indonesien |
88 | Alexandria | 4.870.000 (2016)[87] | Egypten |
89 | Barcelona | 4.790.000 (2016)[88] | Spanien |
90 | Guadalajara | 5.350.000 (2016)[89] | Mexico |
91 | Ankara | 5.503.985 (2018) | Tyrkiet |
92 | Dar es Salaam | 4.715.000 (2016)[90] | Tanzania |
93 | Belo Horizonte | 4.705.000 (2016)[91] | Brasilien |
94 | Kuwait City | 4.600.000 (2019)[92] | Kuwait |
95 | Dalian | 7.450.785 (2020)[93] | Kina |
96 | Casablanca | 3.499.000 (2018)[94] | Marokko |
97 | Guiyang | 5.987.018 (2020)[95] | Kina |
98 | Wenzhou | 9.572.903 (2020)[96] | Kina |
99 | Phoenix-Mesa | 4.295.000 (2016)[97], 4.845.832 (2020)[98] | USA |
100 | Monterrey | 5.341.171 (2016)[99] | Mexico |
Historie
I løbet af tiåret 2007 til 2017 er 19 metroområder faldet ud af listen over verdens 100 største metroområder:
I Europa faldt tre byer ud af listen: Berlin, Rom og Athen.
I Afrika faldt to byer ud af listen: Algier og Cape Town.
I Nordamerika faldt to byer ud af listen: Detroit og Montreal.
I Sydamerika faldt seks byer ud af listen: Porto Alegre, Recife, Brasilia, Salvador, Fortaleza og Medellín.
I Australien faldt to byer ud af listen: Sydney og Melbourne.
I Asien faldt fire byer ud af listen: Chittagong, Pusan, Changchun og Pyongyang.
Referencer
- ^ Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 Arkiveret 2. juli 2015 hos Wayback Machine, EuroMETREX. Hentet 2. juli 2015.
- ^ "OEDC Populations in cities". OEDC. Hentet 2. april 2017.
- ^ Wendell Cox Consultancy Demographia World Urban Areas, hentet 30. januar 2018
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Census Profile, 2016 Census, hentet 22. februar 2018 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2020 census of the Philippines (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.stats.gov.cn (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com, hentet 30. september 2020 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com, hentet 28. oktober 2023 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.citypopulation.de (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2011 census of India (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Pakistan’s 10 most populous cities revealed, Sama TV, hentet 22. januar 2021 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.macrotrends.net (fra Wikidata).
- ^ appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ PROYECCIONES DE POBLACIÓN, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.gso.gov.vn (fra Wikidata).
- ^ population.un.org (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.dosm.gov.my (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.censtatd.gov.hk (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ aurelioschmitt.blogspot.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ cosit.gov.iq, hentet 18. november 2023 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.cia.gov (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ a b www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ drive.google.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.citypopulation.de, hentet 27. september 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ jatim.bps.go.id (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ citypopulation.de (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
- ^ 2020 United States Census, hentet 1. april 2022 (fra Wikidata).
- ^ www.demographia.com (fra Wikidata).
Medier brugt på denne side
The national flag of Kingdom of Thailand since September 2017; there are total of 3 colours:
- Red represents the blood spilt to protect Thailand’s independence and often more simply described as representing the nation.
- White represents the religion of Buddhism, the predominant religion of the nation
- Blue represents the monarchy of the nation, which is recognised as the centre of Thai hearts.
Flag of Iran. The tricolor flag was introduced in 1906, but after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 the Arabic words 'Allahu akbar' ('God is great'), written in the Kufic script of the Qur'an and repeated 22 times, were added to the red and green strips where they border the white central strip and in the middle is the emblem of Iran (which is a stylized Persian alphabet of the Arabic word Allah ("God")).
The official ISIRI standard (translation at FotW) gives two slightly different methods of construction for the flag: a compass-and-straightedge construction used for File:Flag of Iran (official).svg, and a "simplified" construction sheet with rational numbers used for this file.
The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Created according to the 2006 constitution : Son emblème est le drapeau bleu ciel, orné d’une étoile jaune dans le coin supérieur gauche et traversé en biais d’une bande rouge finement encadrée de jaune. (Its symbol is a sky blue flag, decorated with a yellow star in the upper left corner and crossed in the diagonal by a red strip with thin yellow borders) It seems to be identical, except for a lighter field hue, to the 1966–1971 flag.
Used color: National flag | South African Government and Pantone Color Picker
grøn | rendered as RGB 0 119 73 | Pantone 3415 C |
gul | rendered as RGB 255 184 28 | Pantone 1235 C |
rød | rendered as RGB 224 60 49 | Pantone 179 C |
blå | rendered as RGB 0 20 137 | Pantone Reflex Blue C |
hvid | rendered as RGB 255 255 255 | |
sort | rendered as RGB 0 0 0 |
Flag of Canada introduced in 1965, using Pantone colors. This design replaced the Canadian Red Ensign design.
Det er let at give dette billede en kant
Flag of the Ivory Coast, written by Jon Harald Søby, modified by Zscout370. The colors match to what is reported at http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ci.html.
Flag of the Ivory Coast, written by Jon Harald Søby, modified by Zscout370. The colors match to what is reported at http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ci.html.
bendera Indonesia
Night in the Greater Tokyo Area seen from the ISS