United States Army
| United States Army | |
|---|---|
Hærens segl | |
| Grundlagt | 14. juni 1775[1] |
| Land |  USA |
| Rolle | Hær |
| Overordnet myndighed | Department of the Army |
| Størrelse | 546.047 militært ansatte 557.246 reservister |
| Hovedkvarter | Pentagon |
| Farver | Sort og guld |
| Årsdage | 14. juni (Hærens dag) |
| Hjemmeside | http://www.army.mil/ |
| Insignier | |
| Flag |  |
| Logo | |
| Fly fløjet | |
| Kamphelikopter | MH-6 Little Bird AH-64 Apache |
| Transporthelikopter | Boeing CH-47 Chinook |
| Multirollehelikopter | Bell UH-1 Iroquois |
| Observationshelikopter | Bell OH-58 Kiowa |
United States Army (dansk: De Forenede Staters Hær eller blot Den amerikanske hær) er et af USA's seks militære værn. Hæren består pr. 2004 af 485.500 aktive soldater og har en stående reserve på 591.000 mand. Den har baser i bl.a. Tyskland, Japan og Sydkorea. Hæren deltog indtil 2014 i Operation Enduring Freedom som er en del af Krigen i Afghanistan.[2]
Hæren har Department of the Army, en af tre militære departement i USA's forsvarsministerium, som politisk ledelse.
Historie, kort
Hæren blev oprettet i 1775 som Den kontinentale hær (engelsk: Continental Army). Hærens kerne af frivillige fuldtidssoldater blev suppleret af lokale militser fra de forskellige oprørske kolonier. Hæren kæmpede mod den britiske hær og amerikanske loyalister i Den amerikanske uafhængighedskrig. Efter sejren opløstes Den kontinentale hær i 1783 for at:
- mindske risikoen for et militærkup.
- spare udgiften til en stående hær.
- skabe en tilværelse uden konflikter for de mange kolonister, som var indvandret fra det krigshærgede Europa.
- 1775 Hæren oprettes under navnet Continental Army. (3. juli)
- 1783 Amerikansk sejr og hæren opløstes.
- 1784 Hæren reetableres som US Army ved Kongressens resolution 3. juni.[kilde mangler]
- 1812-14 Hæren prøvede at invadere Canada under den britisk-amerikanske krig.
- 19. århundrede Hæren blev forlagt til forter i det Vilde Vesten under Indianerkrigene.
- 1846-48 Erobrede Californien, Arizona, New Mexico og Texas fra Mexico i den mexikansk-amerikanske Krig.
- 1861-65 Enheder af US Army i Sydstaterne dannede CS Army. Hærens blodigste kampe foregik under den amerikanske borgerkrig.
- 1898 Erobrede Cuba og Filippinerne fra Spanien i den spansk-amerikanske Krig.
- 1917-18 Deltog i 1. verdenskrig på ententemagternes side på den europæiske vestfront under general Pershing.
- 1941-45 Kæmpede i Europa, Nordafrika og i Stillehavsområdet under 2. verdenskrig.
- 1950-1953 Koreakrigen.
- 1964-1973 Vietnamkrigen.
- 1983 Operation Urgent Fury Grenada-invasion.
- 1989 Operation Just Cause Panama-invasion.
- 1990-91 Operation Desert Shield, beskyttelse af Saudi-Arabien mod Irak.
- 1991 Operation Desert Storm mod Irak.
- 1992-93 Operation Restore Hope i Somalia.
- 1995-96 Operation Joint Endeavour, IFOR i Bosnien-Hercegovina
- 1996-98 Operation Joint Guard, SFOR i Bosnien-Hercegovina.
- 1998-2004 Operation Joint Forge, NATO-styrke i Bosnien-Hercegovina.
- 2001-21 Operation Enduring Freedom, i Afghanistan.
- 2003-04 Operation Iraqi Freedom i Irakkrigen.
Hærenheder
Hærenhedernes størrelse, sammensætning og ledelse som de så ud i 2005 fremgår af tabellen neden for, men kan skifte afhængig af tid, sted og andre omstændigheder som fred eller krig, og den kan være væsensforskellig fra andre landes.
| Enheder | Antal soldater, ca. | Sammensætning | Chef, normalt |
|---|---|---|---|
| * Army (armé) | 100.000 | 2+ corps, HQ (hovedkvarter) | General (firestjernet) |
| * Corps (armékorps) | 30.000+ | 2+ divisions | Lieutenant General (generalløjtnant) |
| * Division | 15.000+ | 3+ brigades, HQ (hovedkvarter), støtteenheder | Major General (generalmajor) |
| * Brigade | 4.500+ | 3+ regiments, HQ (hovedkvarter) | Brigadier General (brigadegeneral) |
| * Regiment | 1.500+ | 2+ battalions, HQ (hovedkvarter) | Colonel (oberst) |
| * Battalion (bataljon) | 700 | 4+ companies, HQ (hovedkvarter) | Lieutenant Colonel (oberstløjtnant) |
| * Company (kompagni) | 175 | 4 platoons, HQ (hovedkvarter) | Captain (kaptajn) |
| * Platoon (deling) | 40 | 4 squads | Lieutenant (løjtnant) |
| * Squad (gruppe) | 10 | — | Sergeant (sergent) |
Galleri
Amerikansk soldat med M249 SAW
UH-60 Black Hawk
Angrebet på Concord-broen, 1775
Mortér fra Belejringen af Petersburg, 1864-65
'Rough Rider' Roosevelt i den spansk-amerikanske Krig
Doughboy fra American Expeditionary Force, 1918
Faldskærmstropper går om bord på en C-119, 1953
Flyvende kavaleri i Vietnam, 1965-72
Patriot-missiler i Golfkrigen
High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), bedre kendt som "Humvee".
Modellen til højre overtager pt. løbende den ældre model til venstre, som troppetransport i aktive krigszoner.
Se også
- Institute of Heraldry (United States Army Institute of Heraldry), oprettet 1960
- National Army (USA)
- USSOCOM
Eksterne henvisninger
Referencer
- ^ army birthday - Hentet: 25. januar 2017 (engelsk)
- ^ https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/603860 Hentet 21. januar 2017
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Soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division fly to Forward Operating Base Dagger near Tikrit, Iraq, aboard UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters. This photo appeared on www.army.mil.
Tanks of an Armored regiment are debarking from an LST [US 77] in Anzio harbor [Italy] and added strength to the U.S. Fifth Army [VI Corps] forces on the beachead (WWII Signal Corps Photograph Collection).
A U.S. Army rifle squad from the Blue Team of the 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry exiting from a Bell UH-1D Huey helicopter in Vietnam. The 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment was the air cavalry reconnaissance squadron of the 1st Cavalry Division throughout the division's service in Vietnam from 1965 to 1972. The "Blue Team" wer UH-1 troop transport helicopters, the "Red Team" were UH-1 gunships, the "White Team" Scouts were OH 13 Bell Helicopters, (Low and Slow).
- General notes: Use War and Conflict Number 11 when ordering a reproduction or requesting information about this image.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Paratroopers_of_the_187th_Regimental_Combat_Team_put_on_parachutes_and_"Mae_West"_life_preservers_before_boarding_a..._-_NARA_-_542289.tif/lossy-page1-125px-Paratroopers_of_the_187th_Regimental_Combat_Team_put_on_parachutes_and_"Mae_West"_life_preservers_before_boarding_a..._-_NARA_-_542289.tif.jpg)
- Scope and content: Paratroopers of the 187th Regimental Combat Team put on parachutes and "Mae West" life preservers before boarding a 483rd Troop Carrier Wing U.S. Air Force C-119 "Flying Boxcar," en route to Korea from southern Japan. Combat Cargo "Commandos" and C-119s airlifted the 187th RCT personnel, and weapons, vehicles and supplies, in a continuous operation lasting two nights and a day, which involved 300 round-trip flights across the Japan Sea. The big transport planes landed or took off every two minutes, in combat Cargo's eigth airlift of the 187th since the Korean war began.
The official logo of the United States Army (USA). It can be seen on the official United States Army website in September 2001.
Service mark of the US Army
Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt in camp at Tampa, Florida as colonel of the Rough Riders, prior to embarking for Cuba.
An MIM-104 Patriot tactical air defense missile launcher of Btry. E, 3rd Bn., 43rd Air Defense Arty., is deployed in the desert during Operation Desert Shield. The truck is a HEMTT M983.
Afghan National Army doing a route clearence patrol exercise at the Kabul Militairy Training Centre (KMTC)
Soldiers from 1-3 Armored Cavalry Regiment conducts cordon and search operations with their M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank in the city of Bi'aj, Iraq.
PFC Phillip Ruiz, from 2nd Platoon, Company B, 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, provides security for Soldiers and Marines during a presence patrol in Rawah, Iraq.
Image taken from united-states-flag.com. This is a faithful representation of an original U.S. government work. As such, it attracts no new copyright. However, the USMC flag is protected by U.S. Trademark Registration Nos. 4852947 and 4193304, and may not be used commercially without a trademark license from the USMC's Trademark Licensing Office. Originally uploaded to en.wikipedia by Mbr7975; description page is (was) here: Marine corps flag.gif
Portrait of Hugh A. Ball during his enlistment in the US Army as a WWI soldier.
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The Mine Resistant Ambush Protected – All Terrain Vehicle, right, offers more protection from roadside bombs as opposed to its predecessor, the humvee. The M-ATV’s V-shaped hull is designed to redirect blasts away from its crew.
Seal of the United States Space Force.
The Service Color of the U.S. Coast Guard. This is not the same as the law enforcement ensign, which features vertical red stripes defaced with the anchor symbol of the USCG.
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Seal of the United States Department of Defense from 2001 to 2022.
The Flag of the United States Navy, as defined in Executive Order 10812 of April 24, 1959. The design is described there as:
The flag for the United States Navy is 4 feet 4 inches hoist by 5 feet 6 inches fly, of dark blue material, with yellow fringe, 2½ inches wide. In the center of the flag is a device 3 feet and 1 inch overall consisting of the inner pictorial portion of the seal of the Department of the Navy (with the exception that a continuation of the sea has been substituted for the land area), in its proper colors within a circular yellow rope edging, all 2 feet 6 inches in diameter above a yellow scroll inscribed "UNITED STATES NAVY" in dark blue letters.
The U.S. Navy flag is used for display purposes at ceremonies, parades, and other public functions where the U.S. Navy has an official presence, usually being carried by an honor guard on ceremonial occasions. It is not used for outdoor, fixed (permanent) purposes, and is not flown on Navy ships. Versions without fringe and different dimensions seem to be common, though it appears they are not technically the official U.S. Navy flag, as the executive order has not been amended.
Prior to 1959, the Navy Infantry Battalion flag was used to represent the U.S. Navy.
For more information, see the Navy's flag history page, SeaFlags, Flags of the World, U.S. Navy document NTP 13(B) [1], section 1710, and Navy regulation OPNAVINST 10520.1 (which replaced a similar SECNAVINST 10520.2D regulation from 1974).
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