Triode
En triode er et elektronisk forstærkende elektronrør bestående af tre aktive elektroder i vakuum - typisk indeni en evakueret glasindkapsling. De tre elektroder er: en opvarmet katode, et styregitter - og en anode. Navnet "triode" blev skabt/opfundet af den britiske fysiker William Eccles[1][2] omkring 1920, afledt af det græske τρίοδος, tríodos, fra tri- (tre) og hodós (vej), oprindeligt betydende et sted hvor tre veje mødes.
Trioden er resultatet af en videreudvikling af Lee De Forests Audion fra 1906. En Audion er et elektronrør med delvis vakuum termionisk diode (Fleming-elektronrør) med et tilføjet styregitter. Trioden var den første praktiske elektroniske forstærker og forfaderen til andre typer af vakuum elektronrør, såsom tetroden og pentoden.
Triodens opfindelse grundlagde elektronikalderen, hvilket muliggjorde forstærkende radioteknologi og langdistance telefoni. Trioder blev bredt anvendt i forbrugerelektronik såsom radioapparater og fjernsynsapparater indtil 1970'erne, da transistorene erstattede elektronrørene. I dag (2018) er trioders tilbageværende anvendelse højeffekt RF-forstærkere i radiosendere og industrielle RF-opvarmningsapparater.
Indenfor de senere år er der sket en øget efterspørgsel efter laveffekt trioder, grundet en fornyet interesse i lydudstyr baseret på elektronrør af audiofiler, som foretrækker lyden af elektronik baseret på elektronrør.
Se også
Kilder/referencer
- ^ Turner, L. B. (1921). Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. Cambridge University Press. s. 78. ISBN 110762956X.
- ^ Ginoux, Jean-Marc; Rosetto, Bruno, "The Singing Arc: The oldest memrister?" in Adamatzky, Andrew; Chen, Guanrong (2013). Chaos, CNN, Memristors and Beyond. World Scientific. s. 500. ISBN 9814434817.
Eksterne henvisninger
Wikimedia Commons har medier relateret til: |
- Les lampes radio — En fransk side om termioniske rør. Særlig interessant er den 17-minutter lange video visende den manuelle produktion af trioder.
- Triode valve tutorial
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Forfatter/Opretter: RJB1, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Various triode vacuum tubes in chronological order: RE16 (dated Jul 1918), REN1004, AC2, 6F5M, EC81.
Forfatter/Opretter: Gregory F. Maxwell <gmaxwell@gmail.com> PGP:0xB0413BFA, Licens: GFDL 1.2
An early De Forest audion tube, the first electron tube that could amplify. The first triode, or tube with three electrodes, a filament, grid, and plate, the audion was invented in 1906 by American engineer Lee De Forest. The top metal electrode is the plate. The zigzag metal wire partly visible under it is the grid. The filament was originally under that, attached to the wires at left, but has burned out. As many Audions did, this model had two filaments (indicated by the four filament supply wires) so that when one burned out the "spare" could be used. The filament wires were attached to the screw terminal at left, while the grid and plate terminals were brought out through the right end of the glass envelope to the two wires at right. Tube belongs to History of San Jose, Perham Collection of Early Electronics.
A "Lieben-Reisz tube" (or "Lieben-Reisz-Strauss relay"), an early experimental amplifying vacuum tube developed by Austrian engineers Robert von Lieben and Eugen Reisz beginning in 1906 and a competitor to the Audion (triode) invented by Lee De Forest for the earliest amplifying vacuum tube. About 16 in (41 cm) tall and 4 in (10 cm) wide.
It consisted of a partially evacuated glass envelope containing 3 electrodes: a heated platinum filament wire (bottom) coated with barium or calcium oxides which released electrons which were attracted to the positively charged anode wire (top), passing through a "grid" made of a perforated metal plate (center). As in the Audion, a small voltage on the grid could control a larger anode current, so the tube could amplify. The inventors claimed a voltage gain of 33. The tube had a small amount of mercury vapor in it, released by the pellet of mercury amalgam in the small U shaped tube on the lower left side, to reduce the high anode voltage of 220 V required when the tube was evacuated.
Forfatter/Opretter: ScAvenger, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Working double triode TUNGSRAM ECC83.
Forfatter/Opretter: Cqdx, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
The Eimac 3CX1500A7, a popular high power transmitting triode vacuum tube used in radio and television transmitters. Typical output 1500 W power at 220 MHz giving 14 dB gain with 3000V on the anode. The cylindrical sheet metal structure is a heat sink attached to the anode through which air is forced by a fan during operation. From data sheet: [1]