Udryddelseslejr
Udryddelseslejre eller dødslejre var lejre bygget af Nazi-Tyskland under 2. verdenskrig "Endlösung der Judenfrage" (dansk: Den endelige løsning af jødespørgsmålet),[1] på dansk bedre kendt som Holocaust.[2] Ved udryddelseslejre blev alle eller stort set alle fanger dræbt kort efter deres ankomst, modsat andre typer lejre såsom arbejdslejre, hvor fanger blev interneret og arbejdet til døde som del af politikken om "udryddelse gennem arbejde" (tysk: "Vernichtung durch Arbeit").
Under krigen eksisterede der 6 udryddelseslejre: Chełmno, Belzec, Treblinka, Sobibór, Majdanek & Auschwitz-Birkenau, de to sidstnævnte fungerede som både kz-lejre og udryddelseslejre og deres formål var systematisk at dræbe de som af Nazi-Tyskland blev anset for at være uønskede eller fjender. I lejrene blev omkring 3 millioner mennesker slået ihjel ved gasning og skydning, størstedelen af disse ofre var jøder. Dette folkedrab der udover at omfattede jøder, den største offergruppe, også omfattede bl.a. romaer, var en del af Det Tredje Riges.
Chełmno
Den første lejr, der blev oprettet var Chełmno (tysk: Vernichtungslager Kulmhof) der blev indviet i december 1941,[4]og benyttede sig af mobile gaskamre i form af lastbiler indrettet til formålet. Ofrene, der blev myrdet i Chełmno blev altså dræbt af udstødningsgasser og ikke den bedre kendte gas Zyklon-b, som man brugte i Auschwitz.[4] Chełmno opererede i flere perioder, 1 periode fra december 1941-marts 1943 og den anden periode var fra juni til juli 1944.[5] Dødstallet for Chełmno varierer meget. Der florerer dødstal for lejren på 172.000,[5] men det tal der går igen flest steder og generelt accepteres som minimumsdødstallet er 150.000.[6]
Kildehenvisninger
- ^ "Die Endlösung der Judenfrage" – Adolf Hitler. Furet, François. Unanswered Questions: Nazi Germany and the Genocide of the Jews. Schocken Books (1989), p. 182; ISBN 978-0-8052-4051-1
- ^ Doris Bergen,Germany and the Camp System, part of Auschwitz: Inside the Nazi State, Community Teledvision of Southern California, 2004-2005
- ^ Kilde: Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality: Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression – Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1946, Vol III, p. 418.
- ^ a b Udryddelseslejrene | Folkedrab.dk
- ^ a b Chelmno | The Holocaust Encyclopedia
- ^ Robert Jan Van Pelt & Debórah Dwork: Auschwitz 1270 To The Present. 1996, 336.
Se også
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Map of the Holocaust in occupied Poland during World War II. The outline shows the borders of the Second Polish Republic at the time of the Nazi-German-and-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 with demarcation line between the two invading armies marked in red. Internal boundaries show the administrative divisions of occupied territories imposed by Nazi Germany when the Final Solution was set in motion during and after Operation Barbarossa of 1941.
This map shows all Nazi German extermination camps (or death camps), as well as prominent concentration, labour and prison camps, major pre-WW2 Polish cities with the new Jewish ghettos set up by Nazi Germany, major deportation routes, and major massacre sites.
Notes:
1. Extermination camps – marked with white skulls in black squares – are six dedicated facilities used for the mass gassings of prisoners, but all camps and ghettos took a toll of many, many lives.
2. Concentration camps – marked with black squares – feature only the most notorious forced-labor camps, prison camps & transit camps.
3. Sites of mass shootings into remote ravines – marked with white skulls – include Bronna Góra, Ponary and others. They were utilized during the 'Holocaust by bullets'.
4. Destruction ghettos – marked with Yellow stars in red circles – existed in most Polish cities. Only a selection is shown.
5. Major deportation routes travelled by the Holocaust trains are marked with RosyBrown arrows.
6. Most camps & ghettos which are not well known have been excluded for clarity.
7. District borders are at the height of Axis domination (1942).
8. Regions have German designations (e.g. "Ostland"), with the country name denoted in uppercase letters, e.g. LITHUANIA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, or in parenthesis below the German occupational designation, e.g. (POLAND).
Five Supermarine Spitfire Mark Is of No. 19 Squadron, Royal Air Force, based at Duxford, Cambridgeshire (UK), flying in starboard echelon formation led by the Commanding Officer, Squadron Leader H.I. Cozens, in K9794.
The pictured Magirus-Deutz van found in 1945 in Koło (Kolo), Poland, not far from the Chełmno (Kulmhof) extermination camp built by German Nazis. The same type of van was used by the Nazis for suffocation, with the exhaust fumes diverted into the sealed rear compartment where the victims were locked in, as explained by World War II Today (read) [dead link] sourced to Office of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality publication Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression – Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Office, 1946, Vol III, p. 418;