Thomas Button
| Thomas Button | |
|---|---|
| |
| Personlig information | |
| Født | ukendt Glamorgan, Storbritannien  |
| Død | 1634 |
| Uddannelse og virke | |
| Beskæftigelse | Opdagelsesrejsende |
| Signatur | |
.svg) | |
Information med symbolet  hentes fra Wikidata. Kildehenvisninger foreligger sammesteds. | |
Sir Thomas Button (død april 1634)[1] var en walisisk officer i Royal Navy og opdager, som i 1612–1613 ledede en ekspedition, som uden held forsøgte at finde spor efter Henry Hudson og sejle gennem Nordvestpassagen.[2]
Liv og virke
Thomas Button sejlede fra England i begyndelsen af maj 1612 med de to skibe "Resolution" og "Discovery", og nåede mundingen af en flod. Han kaldte floden Nelson River efter en af mandskabet, som var omkommet undervejs.[3] Ekspeditionen overvintrede på det stedet, som i dag er kendt som Port Nelson, og året efter satte de kursen mod nord for at søge efter Nordvestpassagen. De mistede skibet "Resolution" i isen og fortsatte mod 65° nord. Han opdagede og navngav øen Mansel ogvendte tilbage til England i september 1613.[4] Han blev krediteret for opdagelsen, og for at have sikret vestkysten britisk herredømme over Hudsonbugten, som han kaldte New Wales. Regionen fik igen besøg 12 år senere, i 1631 af kaptajnerne Thomas James og Luke Foxe. Da kaptajn Foxe opdagede et kors, som var rejst af Button i Port Nelson, gav han stedet og kysten på nordsiden af Nelson River navnet New North Wales og alt land på sydsiden for New South Wales.
Button blev slået til ridder af Jakob I og kunne der efter bruge titlen Sir foran navnet. Han fortsatte sin succesrige karriere på havet og blev udnævnt til Admiral of the King's Ships on the coast of Ireland, som han var resten af karrieren. [5] Trods sin position i Royal Navy, var han længe i konflikt med det engelske adimiralitet, hvilket var nær ved at føre til en resolution, til hans fordel, lige før han døde.
Button og hans mænd var det første kendte europæere, som har været i det område, som i dag er kendt som Manitoba. Hans opdagelse fik andre til at følge efter ved at bruge landmærker, hans historier og hans detaljerede nedtegnelser. De første kort over områder nær Hudsonbugten er lavet etter hans, og forgængeren Henry Hudsons opdagelser. De var de første europæere i dette område af Nordamerika. Han var en af de allerførste europæere til at udforske Nordamerika i mange af de områder, som i dag er en del af Canada. Nelson River fik navn efter ham.
Historien om Thomas Button er ikke så kendt, og han har fået liden anerkendelse for sitt arbejde. Det meste af Hudson's Bay Companys historie er heller ikke så godt kendt til trods for, at righoldigt arkivmateriale er tilgængelig i Manitoba i Canada. Det største landekøb i den canadiske histories skyldes Hudson's Bay Companys virksomhed. Selskabet kan i stor grad have haft ansvaret for de første opdagere og korttegnere i området.
Noter
- ^ Lloyd, John Edward; Jenkins, R.T. (1958). The Dictionary of Welsh Biography, Down to 1940. Cardiff: William Lewis. s. 60.
- ^ "Sir Thomas Button". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com. Hentet 2013-09-24.
- ^ Robert Hood, C. Stuart Houston (1994). To the Arctic by Canoe, 1819-1821: The Journal and Paintings of Robert Hood, Midshipman with Franklin. Google Books. s. 23. ISBN 978-0-7735-1222-1. Hentet 28. september 2008.
Port Nelson, on the north shore of the peninsula and only twelve miles from York Factory, preceded York as an H.B.C. post in 1682-83. It is at the mouth of the Nelson River, discovered by Sir Thomas Button in 1612 and named after Button's sailing master, who died on the voyage.
- ^ Robert Hood, C. Stuart Houston (1994). To the Arctic by Canoe, 1819-1821: The Journal and Paintings of Robert Hood, Midshipman with Franklin. Google Books. s. 16. ISBN 978-0-7735-1222-1. Hentet 28. september 2008.
...named by Button in 1613, after Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Mansel (1573-1653).
- ^ Evans, C.J.O. (1948). Glamorgan, its History and Topography. Cardiff: William Lewis. s. 147.
Eksterne henvisninger
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Medier brugt på denne side
Facsimile of explorer Sir Thomas Button's signature in a letter to Lord Dorchester written "From my house att Cardiffe, this 16th of Februarye 1629" (26th of February 1630 New Style) and which is preserved in Public Record Office (State Papers, Domestic, Chas. I, vol. clxi, No. 10).
Aan de Zuidpool
Portrait of Thomas Button.
There are in existence two reputed portraits of Admiral Sir Thomas Button. […] This other portrait has a much more satisfactory history. It is a large oil-painting, measuring 34 by 39 inches, in perfect preservation, and it adorns the walls of the library of Mr. G. M. Traherne at Coedriglan Park, which is about five miles from Cardiff and in the parish of St. Nicholas. There is no clue whatever as to the artist, but his work proves his competence. The picture was acquired by purchase from the descendants of the Admiral, some seventy years ago, by an ancestor of the present Mr. Traherne, and has ever since hung in its present position. It represents an erect, almost full-faced, three-quarter length figure, with chestnut-brown hair and a decidedly pleasing expression. He wears a white ruff round his neck, and white frills at his wrists. His shoulders and chest are protected by what looks like a gorget of metal of a dark colour. The body is clothed in a tight-fitting doublet of greyish-brown material, finely embroidered, buttoned down the front, and with tight sleeves of the same material. The legs, which are shown almost to the knees, are encased in very loose breeches of dark green material, apparently velvet, embroidered in places. Across the body is a greyish-white sash of some light material, probably silk, tied in a large bow-knot over the right shoulder. At his side is a sword. Both arms are slightly extended from the sides, the left-hand resting on a terrestrial globe, the rigfht holding what looks like a short staff or truncheon, one end of which is against the thigh. At the top corners are two smaller pictures, that on the left depicting a ship at sea in full sail, that on the right, apparently a landscape, but it is rather indistinct. At the bottom is the motto,Non mihi sed Patriæ. That the portrait represents a navigator is obvious; while I have the authority of Mr. George Scharf, C.B., Keeper of the National Portrait Gallery, for stating that it is admirably painted, and that it is unquestionably of the date of Sir Thomas Button. Therefore, although there is no absolute proof that it represents the Admiral, there seems to be no good reason to doubt that it does. The motto (which may be translated, "Not for myself, but for my country") does not seem to have been that of the Button family; but this in no way proves that the portrait does not represent Sir Thomas, who may have adopted it personally.
— Miller Christy, in: Christy, Miller , ed. (1894) The Voyages of Captain Luke Foxe of Hull, and Captain Thomas James of Bristol, in Search of a North-West Passage, in 1631-1632, 1, London: Hakluyt Society, p. xxiv-xxvii