STS-134

STS-134
Missionsemblem
Missionsstatistik
Missionsnavn:STS-134
Rumagentur:NASA
Rumfærge:Endeavour (25)
Antal besætningsmedlemmer:6
Affyringsrampe:LC-39A (KSC)
Opsendelse:16. maj 2011
Landing:1. juni 2011
Landet på:Kennedy Space Center (KSC)
Varighed:16 døgn
Kredsløbets højde:188 sømil
Kredsløbets inklination:51,6 grader
Foto af besætningen

Navigation
Tidligere missionNæste mission
STS-133 STS-133STS-135 STS-135
Denne artikel handler om en mission i rumfærge-programmet. For informationer om programmet se rumfærge-programmet.

STS-134 (Space Transportation System-134) var rumfærgen Endeavours 25. og sidste rummission og blev opsendt d. 16. maj 2011 klokken 12:56 UTC[1]. STS-134 er NASA's 134. rumfærgeopsendelse og den 132. landing.

Endeavour medbragte forsyninger med EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 (ELC3) modulet og instrumentet Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-2) til Den Internationale Rumstation (ISS). Fire rumvandringer på i alt 28 timer og 44 minutter blev udført til vedligeholdelse af rumstationen.

Det var den 12. gang at Endeavour blev koblet til ISS. Derudover har Endeavour været koblet til den tidligere russiske rumstation Mir én gang (STS-89). Rumfærgerne vil med denne mission have besøgt ISS i alt 36 gange.

Besætning

Frederick W. Sturckow var midlertidig kaptajn for STS-134 under træningen, da Mark Kellys kone, kongresmedlemmet Gabrielle Giffords, blev hårdt såret ved skuddramaet d. 8. jan. 2011 i Tucson[2].

Missionen

Rumfærgen Endeavour på sin sidste opsendelse (fra rampe 39A, Kennedy Space Center i Florida).

Endeavour skulle være opsendt fredag d. 29. april 2011, men en af rumfærgens tre hjælpeaggregater (APU-1, Auxiliary Power Unit) havde en fejl i varmesystemet til hydrazin-tanken. Kontrolboksen der styrer varmelegemet blev udskiftet [3].

Endeavour blev opsendt d. 16. maj 2011 fra Kennedy Space Center, på vej mod rumstationen blev rumfærgens varmeskjold undersøgt for eventuelle skader. På missionens tredje dag nåede rumfærgen frem til rumstationen og fartøjerne blev koblet sammen [4] [5].

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-2), missionens primære nyttelast, blev sat op på rumstationen i løbet af missionens fjerde dag. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-1) blev første gang medbragt på STS-91 [6].

Turens første rumvandring blev udført af Andrew Feustel og Gregory Chamitoff på missionens femte dag. Rumvandringen varede 6 timer og 19 minutter [7].

Sjette dag var hviledag, men der blev udført yderligere undersøgelse af rumfærgens varmeskjold. Der var sket skader på varmeskjoldet under opsendelsen som krævede ekstra eftersyn [8].

Der blev desuden afholdt en mediekonference med Pave Benedikt 16. [9].

Turens anden rumvandring blev udført af Andrew Feustel og Michael Fincke på missionens syvende dag. Rumvandringen varede 8 timer og 7 minutter [10]. De beskadigede kakler blev efterset og den værste skade var 2,3 cm dyb. Det betyder at den underliggende aluminiumsplade kommer op på 104 °C, hvilket er under de 177 °C der er tilladt. En række bolte svævede væk, da Feustel og Fincke skulle løsne noget isolering for at kunne smøre leddet til solpanelerne[11].

  • Mark Kelly og Greg Johnson

    Mark Kelly og Greg Johnson

  • Andrew Feustel på turens første rumvandring

    Andrew Feustel på turens første rumvandring

  • Michael Fincke

    Michael Fincke

  • En af Endeavours otte beskadigede kakler

    En af Endeavours otte beskadigede kakler

Hviledag på ottende-dagen, men med Sojuz TMA-20 frakobling. Paolo Nespoli filmede og fotograferede ISS med Endeavour tilkoblet, da han forlod rumstationen[12].

Den fjerde rumvandring var den 248. udført af amerikanere, den 159. på rumstationen, og under rumvandringen opnåede man 1.000 timers-milepælen for rumvandringer for at samle rumstationen. Rumfærgens robotarm blev demonteret fra Endeavour til rumstationen. Robotarmen Enhanced International Space Station Boom Assembly kan forlænge rumstationens oprindelige arm Dextre med 50 fod (15,24 m). Denne rumvandring bliver den sidste planlagte for rumfærgeastronauter.

Lugerne mellem ISS og Endeavour blev lukket ved 13-tiden, d. 29. maj, og Endeavour forventes at frakoble ISS klokken 5:55 mandag morgen dansk tid.

Endeavour koblede sig fra ISS og afprøvede STORRM (Sensor Test for Orion Relative-navigation Risk Mitigation). STORRM skal afprøve teknologi beregnet til nye rumfartøjer. Efter at Endeavour havde forladt rumstationen, anvendte den STORRM til at komme så tæt som 290 meter på rumstationen. Derefter forlod Endeavor rumstationen for evigt, for at vende tilbage til Jorden.

Endeavour landede på Kennedy Space Center i Florida klokken 8:35 dansk sommertid d. 1. juni 2011. Endeavour skal derefter udstilles i California Science Center i Los Angeles[13].

Rumfærgen Endeavour landede klokken 02:35 lokal tid på Kennedy Space Center i Florida.


Tidsplan
1. dag – Opsendelse fra KSC
2. dag – Undersøgelse af varmeskjold
3. dag – Ankomst og sammenkobling rumfærge/rumstation
4. dag – Opsætning af AMS-2
5. dag – Første rumvandring: Andrew Feustel og Gregory Chamitoff
6. dag – Hviledag
7. dag – Anden rumvandring: Andrew Feustel og Michael Fincke
8. dag – Hviledag
9. dag – Arbejde med anlæg der generer ilt
10. dag – Tredje rumvandring: Andrew Feustel og Michael Fincke
11. dag – Arbejde med anlæg der renser luften for CO2. Undersøgelse af varmeskjold og mediekonference
12. dag – Fjerde rumvandring: Michael Fincke og Gregory Chamitoff
13. dag – Overførsel af fragt
14. dag – Mediekonferencer, overførsel af fragt, luge mellem rumfærge og -station lukkes
15. dag – Frakobling og test af STORRM
16. dag – Forberedelse til landing
17. dag – Landing KSC

Nyttelast

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-2)
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer er et instrument der med henblik på at undersøge partikelfysik skal måle kosmisk stråling. Et CERN eksperiment hvis formål er at forstå universets tilblivelse og forsøge at lave præcise målinger af mørkt stof og antistof [14][15]. AMS-2 skal anbringes på roden af styrbords solcellepaneler.
EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 (ELC3)
ExPRESS Logistics Carrier er en container der skal opsættes på rumstationens yderside. Containeren er til opbevaring af reservedele med bl.a. tanke med forskellige gasarter; ilt, nitrogen og ammoniak, samt gyroskoper.
To S-båndantenner
Reservedele til Dextre
(STORRM)
  • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2

    Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2

  • ExPRESS Logistics Carrier

    ExPRESS Logistics Carrier

Hovedartikler:

Hovedartikler: Rumfærge og Rumfærge-programmet.
Wikimedia Commons har medier relateret til:

Eksterne henvisninger

  1. ^ NASA missionsoversigt Arkiveret 13. maj 2011 hos Wayback Machine NASA's hjemmeside 12. maj 2011 (engelsk)
  2. ^ NASA announces Backup Commander for STS-134 Mission Hentet d. 28. jan. 2011 (engelsk)
  3. ^ NASA Sets May 16 for Last Launch of Endeavour; Atlantis Slips to July UniverseToday (engelsk)
  4. ^ STS-134: NASA managers reviewing Endeavour’s TPS dings NASASpaceFlight.com (engelsk)
  5. ^ Endeavour kom godt af sted på sin sidste tur Arkiveret 18. maj 2011 hos Wayback Machine Ingeniøren (dansk)
  6. ^ Kosmisk partikeleksperiment på plads (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig) Tycho Brahe Planetarium (dansk)
  7. ^ STS-134: EVA-1 complete – Focused Inspection confirmed on TPS damage NASASpaceFlight.com (engelsk)
  8. ^ STS-134: Focused Inspection clears TPS – Pope blesses the crews NASASpaceFlight.com (engelsk)
  9. ^ – Crews Speak with Pope Benedict XVI NASA (engelsk)
  10. ^ STS-134: Mammouth EVA-2 completed – Endeavour TPS clearance overview NASASpaceFlight.com (engelsk)
  11. ^ Bolte svævede væk fra rumstationen Arkiveret 20. september 2011 hos Wayback Machine Ingeniøren d. 23. maj 2011 (dansk)
  12. ^ Astronauter tager unikke billeder af rumfærge og ISS Arkiveret 21. november 2011 hos Wayback Machine Ingeniøren d. 24. maj 2011 (dansk)
  13. ^ NASA names new homes for retiring shuttles 12. april 2011 (engelsk)
  14. ^ Syv ton partikeldetektor på rumstation skal finde mørkt stof (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig) Ingeniøren (dansk)
  15. ^ Anti and dark matter detective AMS arrives at ESTEC ESA (engelsk)
  • v
  • d
  • r
Rumfærge Endeavour (OV-105) (Space Transportation System) missioner 1992 – 2011
Missioner
Rumfærgen Endeavour
  • v
  • d
  • r
Hovedartikler
Rumfærger
Opsendelsessteder
Landingssteder

Medier brugt på denne side

Blue male symbol.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
symbol of Mars. 16 × 16 pixel nominal dimensions, lines 2 pixel thick, square caps. Colour 75% blue: red=0 green=0 blue=191 (#0000BF).
Male symbol (heavy blue).svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Kwamikagami, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
symbol of Mars. 16 × 16 pixel nominal dimensions, lines 2 pixel thick, square caps. Colour 75% blue: red=0 green=0 blue=191 (#0000BF).
STS-111 approach with MPLM.jpg

The Space Shuttle Endeavour shortly before docking with the International Space Station on NASA mission STS-111.
The Space Shuttle Endeavour approaches the International Space Station (ISS) in this digital still camera's view, recorded on June 7, 2002. The Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM), known as Leonardo, can be seen in Endeavour's payload bay. Two Russian cosmonauts and an American astronaut, currently onboard the shuttle, will replace two American astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut now on the station.

The other component seen in the payload bay is the Mobile Base System for Canadarm2.
Shuttle Patch.svg
SVG version of PNG Space Shuttle Logo/Patch.
STS-134 landing at Kennedy Space Center 12.jpg
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Xenon lights help lead space shuttle Endeavour home to NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Endeavour landed for the final time on the Shuttle Landing Facility's Runway 15, marking the 24th night landing of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Main gear touchdown was at 2:34:51 a.m. EDT, followed by nose gear touchdown at 2:35:04 a.m., and wheelstop at 2:35:36 a.m. On board are STS-134 Commander Mark Kelly, Pilot Greg H. Johnson, and Mission Specialists Mike Fincke, Drew Feustel, Greg Chamitoff and the European Space Agency's Roberto Vittori. STS-134 delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS) and the Express Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3) to the International Space Station. AMS will help researchers understand the origin of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter from the station. ELC-3 carried spare parts that will sustain station operations once the shuttles are retired from service. STS-134 was the 25th and final flight for Endeavour, which has spent 299 days in space, orbited Earth 4,671 times and traveled 122,883,151 miles.
STS-133 patch.png
The STS-133 mission patch is based upon sketches from the late artist Robert McCall; they were the final creations of his long and prodigious career. In the foreground, a solitary orbiter ascends into a dark blue sky above a roiling fiery plume. A spray of stars surrounds the orbiter and a top lit crescent forms the background behind the ascent. The mission number, STS-133, is emblazoned on the patch center, and crewmembers' names are listed on a sky-blue border around the scene. The Shuttle Discovery is depicted ascending on a plume of flame as if it is just beginning a mission. However it is just the orbiter, without boosters or an external tank, as it would be at mission's end. This is to signify Discovery's completion of its operational life and the beginning of its new role as a symbol of NASA's and the nation's proud legacy in human spaceflight.
STS-134 EVA1 Andrew Feustel 5.jpg
NASA astronaut Andrew Feustel, STS-134 mission specialist, participates in the mission's first session of extravehicular activity (EVA) as construction and maintenance continue on the International Space Station. During the six-hour, 19-minute spacewalk, Feustel and astronaut Greg Chamitoff (out of frame) retrieved long-duration materials exposure experiments and installed another, installed a light on one of the station's rail line handcarts, made preparations for adding ammonia to a cooling loop and installed an antenna for the External Wireless Communication system.
STS-134 ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 a.jpg
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the newly arrived ExPRESS Logistics Carrier 3, or ELC-3, is lifted high above the clean room floor. ELC-3 and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer are the primary payloads for space shuttle Endeavour's STS-134 mission to the International Space Station. The STS-134 crew will also deliver spare parts including two S-band communications antennas, a high pressure gas tank, additional spare parts for Dextre and micrometeoroid debris shields. Endeavour's launch is targeted for July 29, 2010. For information on the STS-134 mission objectives and crew, visit http://www.nasa.gov/shuttle.
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02.jpg
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a state-of-the-art particle physics detector constructed, tested and operated by an international team composed of 60 institutes from 16 countries and organized under United States Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship. The AMS-02 will use the unique environment of space to advance knowledge of the universe and lead to the understanding of the universe's origin by searching for antimatter, dark matter and measuring cosmic rays.
STS-134 tile damage.jpg
Damaged thermal tile on NASA Space Shuttle Endeavor, during mission STS-134.
Check mark.svg
A tick ("check" in American English) symbol in a box. Note that the file is redirected by "☑.svg", which is the Unicode character for the symbol in question (U+2611). If your computer displays something like a question mark or an empty box instead, then you have a font problem. But don't worry. You can still copy and paste either ☑.svg or Check mark.svg into an article and it will appear correctly. Don't be deceived by the tiny size of this image. It is fully scalable.
STS-135 patch.png
The STS-135 patch represents the space shuttle Atlantis embarking on its mission to resupply the International Space Station. Atlantis is centered over elements of the NASA emblem depicting how the space shuttle has been at the heart of NASA for the last 30 years. It also pays tribute to the entire NASA and contractor team that made possible all the incredible accomplishments of the space shuttle. Omega, the last letter in the Greek alphabet, recognizes this mission as the last flight of the Space Shuttle Program.
STS-134 EVA1 choreographer Michael Fincke.jpg
NASA astronaut Michael Fincke, STS-134 mission specialist, works on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Endeavour while docked with the International Space Station.
STS-134 launch 5.jpg
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Rising on twin columns of fire, space shuttle Endeavour lifts off from Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida beginning its final flight, the STS-134 mission, to the International Space Station. Launch was on time at 8:56 a.m. EDT on May 16. STS-134 and its six-member crew will deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), Express Logistics Carrier-3, a high-pressure gas tank and additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper to the space station. Endeavour's first launch attempt on April 29 was scrubbed because of an issue associated with a faulty power distribution box called the aft load control assembly-2 (ALCA-2).
STS-134 Mark Kelly and Greg H. Johnson on the forward flight deck.jpg
NASA astronauts Mark Kelly (left), STS-134 commander; and Greg H. Johnson, pilot, occupy their respective stations on the forward flight deck of space shuttle Endeavour during rendezvous and docking operations with the International Space Station on flight day three.
STS-134 patch.png
The design of the STS-134 crew patch highlights research on the International Space Station (ISS) focusing on the fundamental physics of the universe. On this mission, the crew of Space Shuttle Endeavour will install the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment - a cosmic particle detector that utilizes the first ever superconducting magnet to be flown in space. By studying sub-atomic particles in the background cosmic radiation, and searching for anti-matter and dark-matter, it will help scientists better understand the evolution and properties of our universe. The shape of the patch is inspired by the international atomic symbol, and represents the atom with orbiting electrons around the nucleus. The burst near the center refers to the big-bang theory and the origin of the universe. The Space Shuttle Endeavour and ISS fly together into the sunrise over the limb of Earth, representing the dawn of a new age, understanding the nature of the universe.