Chordater
| Chordater | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Videnskabelig klassifikation | |
| Domæne | Eukaryota |
| Rige | Animalia (Dyr) |
| Underrige | Bilateria |
| Række | Chordata Haeckel, 1874 |
| Underrække | |
| |
| Hjælp til læsning af taksobokse | |
Chordater eller rygstrengsdyr (Chordata) er en række af dyrene, der indeholder hvirveldyrene og to mindre grupper, trævlemunde og sækdyr, der repræsenterer efterkommere af de tidligst kendte chordater. Chordater er kendetegnet ved blandt andet en en ægte hale (hale, der sidder bagved anus), en dorsal nervestreng (rygmarven) og en rygstreng. Rygstrengen er hos trævlemunde og sækdyr, alene lavet af brusk og udgør det afstivende element ned gennem hele kroppen (hos sækdyr kun i larvestadiet). Hos de egentlige hvirveldyr (vertebrata) findes rygstrengen kun tidligt i fosterstadiet, hvor den senere erstattes af de egentlige ryghvirvler.
Den klassiske systematiske inddeling er:
- Underrække: Cephalochordata (Trævlemunde)
- Underrække: Urochordata Sækdyr
- Klasse: Ascidiacea (Søpunge)
- Klasse: Thaliacea
- Klasse: Appendicularia
- Underrække: Vertebrata (Hvirveldyr)
Krybdyr er ikke en veldefineret gruppe, da den er parafyletisk, idet krokodiller (og dinosaurer) er nærmere beslægtet med fugle end med de øvrige grupper af krybdyr (skildpadder, slanger og øgler).
Fylogenetiske slægstskab mellem de nulevende grupper af chordater.[3]
| Chordata |
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Referencer
- ^ Klassifikation iflg. Systema naturae 2000 (classification) – Taxon: Phylum Chordata Pr. 29 okt. 2006
- ^ Jørgen Mørup Jørgensen (2003). Introduktion til Chordatzoologi. Gads Forlag. ISBN 87-12-03788-5.
- ^ Putnam, N. H.; Butts, T.; Ferrier, D. E. K.; Furlong, R. F.; Hellsten, U.; Kawashima, T.; Robinson-Rechavi, M.; Shoguchi, E.; Terry, A.; Yu, J. K.; Benito-Gutiérrez, E. L.; Dubchak, I.; Garcia-Fernàndez, J.; Gibson-Brown, J. J.; Grigoriev, I. V.; Horton, A. C.; De Jong, P. J.; Jurka, J.; Kapitonov, V. V.; Kohara, Y.; Kuroki, Y.; Lindquist, E.; Lucas, S.; Osoegawa, K.; Pennacchio, L. A.; Salamov, A. A.; Satou, Y.; Sauka-Spengler, T.; Schmutz, J.; Shin-i, T. (juni 2008). "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype". Nature. 453 (7198): 1064-1071. Bibcode:2008Natur.453.1064P. doi:10.1038/nature06967. PMID 18563158.
Eksterne henvisninger
 | Wikimedia Commons har medier relateret til: |
- Tree of Life web project: Vertebrata, Animals with backbones Arkiveret 21. juni 2003 hos Wayback Machine
- 24 July, 2004, BBC News: World's tiniest fish identified Citat: "...The smallest, lightest animal with a backbone has been described for the first time, by scientists in the US. The miniscule fish, called a stout infantfish [Schindleria brevipinguis], is only about 7mm..."
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Forfatter/Opretter: Internet Archive Book Images, Licens: No restrictions
Title: Description des reptiles nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caractères des reptiles
Identifier: descriptiondesre00dum (find matches)
Year: 1852 (1850s)
Authors: Duméril, Auguste Henri André, 1812-1870
Subjects: Muséum national d\U+2019\histoire naturelle (France); Reptiles; Reptiles
Publisher: (Paris : Muséum d'histoire naturelle)
Contributing Library: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library
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Text Appearing After Image:
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Note About Images
Fig. 89. The Barramunda (Ceratodus) (From Queensland.)
_(Varanus_griseus).png)
Forfatter/Opretter: Internet Archive Book Images, Licens: No restrictions
Identifier: zoologyofegypt01ande
Title: Zoology of Egypt
Year: 1898 (1890s)
Authors: Anderson, John, 1833-1900 Boulenger, George Albert, 1858-1937. Fishes of the Nile De Winton, William Edward
Subjects: Zoology
Publisher: London, B. Quaritch
Contributing Library: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst Mayr Library
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nitor griseus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ak. 1870, p. 109. Varanus (Psammosaurus) arenarius, Bedr. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1879, no. 3, p. 40.Varanus griseus, Blgr. Cat. Liz. B. M. ii. 1885, p. 306; Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. v. 1889, p. 99; Fauna Brit. Ind., Rept. 1890, p. 163; Trans. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 121; Boettger, Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 904; Kat. Rept. Mus. Senck. 1893, p. 49; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 636 ; Herpet. Arabia & Egypt, 1896, pp. 34, 101; Zander, Zool. Garten, xxxvi. 1895, p. 298; Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xliv. 1894, p. 79; Francaviglia, Boll. Soc. Rom. Zool. v. 1896, p. 46.1 $ . Suez. 1 cJ. Desert N.E. of Cairo.1 ? . Gizeh Desert.1 ? . Tel el Amarna. Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie, D.C.L. 1 J1 and 1 juv. Suakin. Surgeon-Captain Penton, D.S.O. 2 £ and 2 ? . Suakin.1 J . Tokar. Teeth acute, compressed. Snout slightly depressed at the tip. Canthus rostralismoderately denned. Nostril oblique, rather large and crescentic, close to the eye, its
Text Appearing After Image:
w a Pi Zo ° < - Pi *° VAEANUS GEISBUS. 135 distance from the end of the snout being about four times greater than the intervalbetween it and the eye. Tail rounded at the base, slightly compressed posteriorly; nodorsal ridge. Digits rather short; claws strong and curved. Scales on the uppersurface of the head, including the supraoculars, very small, juxtaposed, smooth,generally hexagonal. Scales on the body and limbs small, rounded or oblong,sometimes feebly keeled, larger than ventrals, those on the sides of the neck generallyconical; ventrals smooth, 110-125 between the fold of the neck to the groin. Caudalscales small, more or less keeled above and below. General colour sandy yellow, with narrow brownish longitudinal lines varying inintensity along the side of the neck, and similarly coloured bands or lines across theback and tail, becoming lost in some adults towards the tip; the upper surface of thebody sometimes with yellow spots. The young is generally pale rufous yellow ab
Note About Images
Tortoises, terrapins, and turtles London, Paris, and Frankfort :H. Sotheran, J. Baer & co.,1872.
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2948267Forfatter/Opretter: Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com), Licens: CC BY 3.0
Pikaia gracilens, the earliest known vertebrate ancestor, from the Middle Cambrian of British Columbia, digital
_(Pelobates_fuscus).jpg)
198
PELOEATID^.
smooth,
and
the
dermo-ossification,
as
it
develops,
produces
granular
asperities
which
may
become
con-
fluent
into
alveolar
ridges,
producing
a
pitted
appear-
ance.
In
very
old
specimens
the
sutures
between
the
nasals,
the
ethmoid,
and
the
fronto-parietal
may
become
obliterated.
Vomers
rather
large,
variable
in
shape,
extending
or
not
to
the
palatines,
which
are
strongly
ossified.
On
the
palatal
side
the
ethmoid
extends
posteriorly
to
about
the
middle
of
the
length
of
the
parasphenoid.
Latter
large,
J_-
shaped,
its
anterior
pointed
extremity
produced
to
between
the
palatines.
Pterygoids
not
reaching
the
palatines,
extensively
in
contact
with
the
parasphenoid.
Stapes
absent.
Mento-Meckelian
or
symphysial
bones
distinct
on
the
inner
side
only.
Hyoid
a
large
broad
cartilaginous
plate,
with
slender
postero-lateral
processes
anterior
processes
much
expanded
and
confluent
with
the
lateral
wings,
en-
closing
a
small
fenestra;
ceratohyal
cornua
with
short
posterior
portion
detached
from
the
body
of
the
hyoid
thyrohyals
large,
massive,
in
contact
at
the
base,
diverging
and
more
or
less
expanded
poste-
riorly.
Vertebral
column
once
and
a
half
to
twice
as
long
as
the
skull.
Spine
closed
above,
the
neural
arch
produced
posteriorly
into
a
strong
median
process
between
the
zygapophyses.
Three
anterior
diapo-
physes
strong
and
long,
especially
the
second,
which
bears
a
more
or
less
distinct
dorsal
knob
or
process
as
on
the
corresponding
rib
of
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the
first
directed
obliquely
forwards,
the
second
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third
nearly
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the
following
short
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slender,
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forwards.
Sacral
vertebra
with
very
strongly
dilated
diapophyses,
the
transverse
diameter
of
which
is
twice
and
a
half
to
nearly
three
times
in
the
axial
urostyle
short,
not
longer
than
the
sacral
wings,
and
fused
with
the
sacrum,
to
the
diapophyses
of
which
its
anterior
portion
contributes
if
these
processes
Lancelet. Branchiostoma carpilaerum
- Subject: Amphioxus, Cephalocordata
- Tag: Fish
Cyprinus carpio
Forfatter/Opretter: MyName (Tambja), Licens: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Eptatretus springeri (Bigelow et Schroeder, 1952)
PYTHON NATALENSIS (Southern African Python) (Reptilia Plate 9) in A. Smith: Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, Reptilia. Smith, Elder, and Co., London 1840
Carcharodon carcharias
Forfatter/Opretter: DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Licens: CC BY 4.0
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