Retrofleks lateral approksimant
| Retrofleks lateral approksimant |
| ɭ |
| Unicode: U+026D |
| (Kilde) |
Den retroflekse laterale approksimant er en konsonant. Den indikeres i det internationale fonetiske alfabet som span style="font-size:140%">⟨ɭ⟩, og dens X-SAMPA-symbol er l`.
Egenskaber
Den velære laterale approksimant er:
- Pulmonisk-egressiv, hvilket betyder at den udtalas ved at lade lungerne trykke luft ud gennem taleapparatet.
- Stemt, hvilket betyder at stemmebåndet er spændt under udtalen og genererer dermed en tone.
- Retrofleks, hvilket betyder at den udtales med tungespidsen bagoverbøjet.
- Lateral, hvilket betyder at luftstrømmen bevæger sig langs tungens sider.
- Approksimant, hvilket betyder at luftstrømmen passerer gennem en indsnævring i taleapparatet, men ikke nok til at skabe turbulens.
Anvendelse i sprog
| Sprog | Ord | IPA | Betydning | Noter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enindhilyagwa | marluwiya | [maɭuwija] | 'emu' | ||
| Færøsk | árla | [ɔɻɭa] | 'tidlig, årle' | Allofon af /l/ efter /ɹ/. | |
| Fransk | Standardfransk[1] | belle jambe | [bɛɭ ʒɑ̃b] | 'smukt ben' | Allofon af /l/ før /f/ og /ʒ/ for nogle talere. [1] |
| Kannada | ಎಳ್ಳು | [ˈeɭɭu] | 'sesam' | Gengives ved ⟨ಳ⟩. | |
| Khanti | Østlige og nord- lige dialekter | пуӆ | [puɭ] | 'bid' | |
| Koreansk | 하늘 | [hänɯɭ] | 'himmel' | Repræsenteres ved ⟨ㄹ⟩. Kan også udtales /l/. Udtales /ɾ/ i starten af en stavelse. | |
| Malayalam | മലയാളി | [mɐl̪əjɐ̞ːɭ̺̠ɪ] | 'keralit' | Aldrig som begyndelsesbogstav. Apikal og tilbagetrukket.[2] | |
| Mapudungun[3] | mara | [ˈmɐ̝ɭɜ] | 'hare' | En mulig realisering af /ʐ/; kan også være [ ʐ ] eller [ ɻ ] i stedet.[3] | |
| Marathi | कुळ | [kuɭa] | 'klan' | ||
| Norsk | Østlige og cen- trale dialekter | farlig | [fɑːɭi] | 'farlig' | |
| Punjabi | ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼ | [t̪reɪɭ] | 'dug (vand)' | Oftest i landlige dialekter. Skrives ⟨ਲ਼⟩. | |
| Svensk | sorl | [soːɭ] | 'mumlen' | ||
| Tamil[4] | புளி | [puɭi] | 'tamarind' | Skrives ⟨ள்⟩. | |
| Telugu | నీళ్ళు | [niːɭːu] | 'vand' | Skrives ⟨ళ⟩. | |
Referencer
- ^ a b Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), s. 192.
- ^ Jiang (2010:16–17)
- ^ a b Sadowsky et al. (2013), s. 90.
- ^ Keane (2004:111)
Litteraturliste
- Jiang, Haowen (april 2010), Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text, Department of Linguistics, Rice University
- Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 111-116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19814-8
- Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), "Mapudungun", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 87-96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369, arkiveret fra originalen 6. november 2018, hentet 16. april 2017
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