Puls
For alternative betydninger, se Puls (flertydig). (Se også artikler, som begynder med Puls)
Puls er et udtryk for, hvor mange gange hjertet trækker sig sammen og pumper blod ud i minuttet. Denne bevægelse kaldes også for hjerteslag. 60 hjerteslag på et minut er en puls på 60. En puls på under 50 defineres som bradykardi (langsom puls),[1] mens en puls på over 100 defineres som tachychardi (hurtig puls).[2]
Hvis man arbejder hårdt, har musklerne brug for megen energi, det får hjertet til at øge aktiviteten. Omvendt vil pulsen blive lavere under hvile, da kroppen ikke er særlig aktiv.
Hjerteaktiviteten er meget individuel og afhænger bl.a. af fysisk kondition.[1] Almindeligvis har de fleste mennesker en hvilepuls på 60, mens veltrænede kan nå ned på 40 – eller endnu mindre. De bedste Tour de France cykelryttere gennem tiden har haft en hvilepuls i omegnen af 30.[kilde mangler] Det skyldes, at hjertets slagvolumen er højere hos de veltrænede – der pumpes mere blod ud ved hvert slag, og at blodet kan transportere mere ilt. Det opnås ved højdetræning eller doping.
Forskning har vist, at hvilepulsen har stor indvirkning på levetiden, og at en høj hvilepuls kan koste op til fem leveår[3].
Ud over formen påvirkes pulsen af faktorer som[4]:
- Lufttemperatur
- Kroppens holdning
- Følelser
- Kropsstørrelse
- Medicin
Eksterne henvisninger
Referencer
- ^ a b Kastrup, J.; Kjeldsen, H.C.; Gøtzsche, L.; Hansen, B.L. 2016: Bradykardi (langsom puls). tilgået 02.01.2017 på: https://www.sundhed.dk/borger/patienthaandbogen/hjerte-og-blodkar/sygdomme/hjertearytmier/bradykardi-langsom-puls/
- ^ Gøtzsche, L.; Hansen, B.V.L. 2012: Takykardi (hurtig puls). Tilgået 02.01.2017 på: https://www.sundhed.dk/borger/patienthaandbogen/hjerte-og-blodkar/sygdomme/hjertearytmier/takykardier-hurtig-puls/
- ^ Hjerteforeningen
- ^ Heart.org
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Medier brugt på denne side
Forfatter/Opretter: Kjetil Lenes, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
GIF-animation showing a moving echocardiogram; a 3D-loop of a heart viewed from the apex, with the apical part of the ventricles removed and the mitral valve clearly visible. Due to missing data the leaflet of the tricuspid and aortic valve is not clearly visible, but the openings are. To the left are two standard two-dimensional views taken from the 3D dataset.
Why might echocardiogram imaging be helpful?
An echocardiogram is a non-invasive procedure used to evaluate the functionality and structure of the heart. This kind of imaging might be helpful as it allows the examination of the heart's anatomy and the blood vessels around it (NHS, 2022). The procedure also analyses how blood flows through the veins and evaluates the heart's pumping chambers. In addition, it aids in diagnosing and monitoring some cardiac diseases.
What kinds of issues or anomalies might an echocardiogram imaging be able to detect?
An echocardiogram might detect atherosclerosis, where fatty molecules and other substances in the bloodstream gradually block the arteries. This heart condition may result in issues with the heart's pumping or wall movements (John Hopkins Medicine, 2022). The procedure can also detect cardiomyopathy, a cardiac enlargement brought on by thick and frail heart muscle. Additionally, congenital heart defects that appear in one or more cardiac components while a fetus is still developing might be detected using this procedure (Hopkins Medicine, 2022). Moreover, failure of the heart might be noticed. This condition happens when blood cannot be pumped effectively because the heart muscle has grown weak or tight due to cardiac relaxation. Some symptoms of this condition include swelling in the feet, ankles, and other areas of the body and fluid accumulation in blood vessels and lungs. Furthermore, aneurysm and heart valve malfunction might be detected. An aneurysm is an enlargement and weakening of the aorta or a portion of the heart muscle. If this condition occurs, there is a chance that the aneurysm will burst. On the other hand, heart valve malfunction involves the failure of one or more heart valves, which could result in irregular blood flow within the heart. The constriction of the valves prevents adequate blood flow. As a result, blood might ooze backward through the defective valves, which is dangerous (John Hopkins Medicine, 2022). Therefore, using an echocardiogram, heart valves can be examined for infection. At the same time, doctors can determine the best treatment for these diseases.
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44904
What might an echocardiogram not be able to detect?
An echocardiogram cannot reveal if one has blocked or clogged arteries. According to Discoverecho (2019), echocardiography is not a medical test particularly good at finding blocked arteries. This setback is mainly due to coronary arteries being typically too tiny to be seen using echocardiography.
References
Discoverecho. (2019, Nov 13). Does an echocardiogram show blockages? (Blocked arteries). https://discoverecho.com/does-echocardiogram-show-blockages/
Jamil, G., Abbas, A., Shehab, A., & Qureshi, A. (2013, Jun 12). Echocardiography findings in common primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44904
John Hopkins Medicine. (2022). Echocardiogram. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/echocardiogram NHS. (2022, Mar 28). Echocardiogram. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/echocardiogram/
A Sketch explains the animation.
Feeling the pressure ROYAL AIR FORCE MILDENHALL, England -- Airman 1st Class Stephanie Ambler checks the pulse of Capt. Derek Ferland to verify the accuracy on the automatic blood pressure machine during a blood drive here April 13. Airman Ambler is with the 48th Medical Support Squadron and Captain Ferland is with the 100th Civil Engineer Squadron.