Opportunity

Opportunity
NASA Mars Rover.jpg
'
Lander
Organisation:   NASA
Opsendelsesdato:   10. juni 2003
Opsendelsessted:   Cape Canaveral, Florida
Opsendelsesraket:   Delta II 7925
Missionens afslutning:   13. februar 2019
NSSDC ID:    2003-032A
Masse:   185 kg

Opportunity eller; Mer-1, MER-B, Mars Exploration Rover – B, er en af to robotter i NASAs nu afsluttede Mars Exploration Rovers-program, den anden robot er kaldtes Spirit.

Den 25. januar 2004 landede Opportunity i "Eagle"-krateret på Mars, tre uger efter Spirit, der var landet på den anden side af Mars.

Opportunity er den tredje robot, der har landet på planeten Mars. På landingsdelen er der en LEGO-kvinde ved navn 'Sandy Moondust', der bloggede på Planetary Societys hjemmeside[1].

Hovedformål med missionen

Opportunitys hovedformål var at undersøge kemiske og geologiske forhold på planeten Mars.

Missionen var planlagt til at vare 90 marsdøgn på Marsoverfladen. Missionen er blevet udvidet flere gange og havde den 17. november 2006 passeret 1000 marsdøgn.

Den 17. februar 2018 rundede Opportunity 5000 marsdøgn.

Inden landingen på Mars var målet for hver af Mars-roverne at køre ca. 40 meter på en dag. Begge roverne passerede disse mål. Robotterne fortsatte med at fungere effektivt ti gange længere, end NASA havde forventet, og roverne kunne derved gennemføre vigtige geologiske undersøgelser af sten og overfladen på Mars.

Den 13. februar 2019 erklærede NASA missionen for afsluttet efter 5352 marsdøgn, da Opportunity ikke havde kommunikeret siden august 2018.[2]

Videnskabelige instrumenter

  • Panoramic Camera (Pancam): Til at bestemme mineralogien, overfladen og struktur på det lokale terræn.
  • Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES): For at identificere mulige sten og steder der ønskes nærmere undersøgelse. Instrumentet kan også se mod himmelen for at undersørge temperaturprofiler på Mars-atmosfæren.
  • Mössbauer Spectrometer (MB) og Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS): Til nærmere undersøgelser af mineralogien, sten og jordprøver.
  • Magneter: Til at samle magnetisk støv-partikler. MB og APXS til analyse af prøvene.
  • Microscopic Imager (MI): Til at få nærbilleder med høj resolution af sten og jord.
  • Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT): Til at bore i sten[3].


  • Billede fra Opportunity

  • Opportunity i krater på Mars

  • Opportunity arbejder

  • Opportunity inden opsendelse i 2003

Se også

Eksterne henvisninger

  1. ^ Astrobot Sandy Moondust Begins her Journey to Mars planetary.org 8. juli 2003
  2. ^ "NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End". NASA. 13. februar 2019. Hentet 13. februar 2019. 
  3. ^ Spacecraft: Surface Operations: Instruments
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Mars Viking 22e169.png

Original Caption Released with NASA Image:

Photo from Viking Lander 2 shows late-winter frost on the ground on Mars around the lander. The view is southeast over the top of Lander 2, and shows patches of frost around dark rocks. The surface is reddish-brown; the dark rocks vary in size from 10 centimeters (four inches) to 76 centimeters (30 inches) in diameter. This picture was obtained September 25, 1977. The frost deposits were detected for the first time 12 Martian days (sols) earlier in a black-and-white image. Color differences between the white frost and the reddish soil confirm that we are observing frost. The Lander Imaging Team is trying to determine if frost deposits routinely form due to cold night temperatures, then disappear during the warmer daytime. Preliminary analysis, however, indicates the frost was on the ground for some time and is disappearing over many days. That suggests to scientists that the frost is not frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) but is more likely a carbon dioxide clathrate (six parts water to one part carbon dioxide). Detailed studies of the frost formation and disappearance, in conjunction with temperature measurements from the lander’s meteorology experiment, should be able to confirm or deny that hypothesis, scientists say.
Shuttle.svg
A drawing of NASA's Space Shuttle Challenger. Image provided by Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, California. See [1], specifically EG-0076-04.eps.
Opportunity Lander Petals PIA04848.jpg
In the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility, technicians reopen the lander petals of the Mars Exploration Rover 2 (MER-2) to allow access to one of the spacecraft's circuit boards. A concern arose during prelaunch testing regarding how the spacecraft interprets signals sent from its main computer to peripherals in the cruise stage, lander and small deep space transponder. The MER Mission consists of two identical rovers set to launch in June 2003. The problem will be fixed on both rovers.
NASA Mars Rover.jpg
An artist's concept portrays a NASA Mars Exploration Rover on the surface of Mars. Rovers Opportunity and Spirit were launched a few weeks apart in 2003 and landed in January 2004 at two sites on Mars. Each rover was built with the mobility and toolkit to function as a robotic geologist.
Sol 460-471b.F haz R-B473R1.gif
The right front wheel of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity makes slow but steady progress through soft dune material in this movie clip of frames taken by the rover's front hazard identification camera over a period of several days. The sequence starts on Opportunity's 460th martian day, or sol (May 10, 2005) and ends 11 days later. In eight drives during that period, Opportunity advanced a total of 26 centimeters (10 inches) while spinning its wheels enough to have driven 46 meters (151 feet) if there were no slippage. The motion appears to speed up near the end of the clip, but that is an artifact of individual frames being taken less frequently.
Blueberries eagle.gif
"Blueberries" (Hematite Spheres) at Eagle Crater on Mars. Microscopic Imager Non-linearized Full frame EDR acquired on Sol 46 of Opportunity's mission to Meridiani Planum at approximately at approximately 11:35:50 Mars local solar time, Microscopic Imager dust cover commanded to be OPEN.