North American XB-70 Valkyrie
| North American XB-70 Valkyrie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Beskrivelse | |
| Type | Bombefly |
| Jomfruflyvning | 21. september 1964 |
| Fabrikant | North American Aviation |
| Brugere | NASA |
| Dimensioner | |
| Længde | 56,38 meter |
| Spændvidde | 32,00 meter |
| Højde | 24.400 meter |
| Motor | 6 × General Electric YJ-93-GE-3 turbojetmotorer med en kraft på hver 30.000 lb |
| Tophastighed | 3.186 km/t |
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North American XB-70 Valkyrie var et supersonisk strategisk bombeflyprojekt udviklet af North American Aviation Inc.. Flyet, som kunne flyve over tre gange lydens hastighed, blev udviklet med henblik på at erstatte Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, men blev droppet på grund af nedskæringer i forsvarsbudgettet.
Der blev kun fremstillet to fly. Det første havde sin jomfruflyvning den 21. september 1964, mens det andet var på vingerne første gang 17. juli 1965. Begge fløj en række testflyvninger i slutningen af 1960'erne. Det andet fly gik tabt i en kollision med et følgefly under en foto-seance i 1966,[1][2] mens det første fortsatte at flyve testflyvninger frem til 4. februar 1969, da det blev trukket ud af tjeneste.[3][4] Dette fly er i dag opbevaret på National Museum of the United States Air Force i Dayton, Ohio.[5]
XB-70 skulle, i følge planerne, eskorteres af det supersoniske jagerfly North American XF-108 Rapier som blev udviklet parallelt med bombeflyet. For at spare på omkostningerne blev mange af delene i de to fly, deriblandt motorerne, derfor udviklet for at passe til begge fly.
Mange af data som blev indhentet ved testflyvningerne af XB-70 flyene blev benyttet i det amerikanske SST (Super Sonic Transport) program.
Tekniske specifikationer
- 6 × General Electric YJ-93-GE-3 turbojetmotorer med hver en kraft på 30.000 lb.
- Vingespænd : 32,00 m
- Længde : 56,38 m
- Tophastighed : 3.186 km/t
- Maks. højde : 24.400 m
Referencer
Litteratur
- Conway, Erik M. High-speed Dreams: NASA and the Technopolitics of Supersonic Transportation, 1945–1999. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8018-8067-X.
- "Fundamentals of Aerospace Weapon Systems". Air University, Maxwell AFB, May 1961.
- Greenwood, John T. (ed). Milestones of Aviation: National Air and Space Museum. Westport, Connecticut: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc., 1995 (first published: 1989). ISBN 0-88363-661-1.
- Hannah, Craig. Striving for Air Superiority: The Tactical Air Command in Vietnam. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 2002, First edition 2001. ISBN 978-1-58544-146-4
- Heppenheimer, T. A. "Facing the Heat Barrier: A History of Hypersonics, part 1, "part 2". NASA, NASA History Series, 2006. Retrieved: 6 April 2009.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer, The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN 0-07-134694-5.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. Lockheed SR-71/YF-12 Blackbirds (WarbirdTech Series, Volume 10). North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 1997. ISBN 0-933424-85-X.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis. North American XB-70A Valkyrie WarbirdTech Volume 34. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2002. ISBN 1-580-07056-6.
- Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis. Valkyrie: North American's Mach 3 Superbomber. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2005. ISBN 1-58007-072-8.
- Lang, Walt N. United States Military Almanac. New York: Random House, 1989. ISBN 0-517-16092-7.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size. Post-World War II bombers, 1945–1973. Arkiveret 25. oktober 2007 hos Wayback Machine Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1988. ISBN 0-16-002260-6.
- Koenig, William and Peter Scofield. Soviet Military Power. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0-85368-592-0.
- Machat, Mike. "XB-70 Valkyrie: Rollout and First Flights, May 1964 – June 1966." Wings Volume 35, No. 8, August 2005.
- Miller, Jay. Convair B-58 Hustler (Aerograph 4). Tulsa, Oklahoma: Aerofax, 1985. ISBN 978-0-942548-26-6.
- Moon, Howard. Soviet SST: The Techno-Politics Of The Tupolev-144. Westminster, Maryland: Orion Books, 1989. ISBN 978-0-517-56601-5.
- Pedlow, Gregory W. and Donald E. Welzenbach. "Chapter 6: The U-2's Intended Successor: Project Oxcart, 1956–1968" (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig). The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954–1974. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1992. No ISBN.
- Pace, Steve. North American XB-70 Valkyrie, second edition. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: TAB Books, 1990. ISBN 0-8306-8620-7.
- Pace, Steve. "Triplesonic Twosome". Wings Volume 18, No. 1, February 1988.
- Rees, Ed. "The Furor Over Fantastic Plane". Life, 17 October 1960, pp. 125–126.
- Spick, Mike. Modern Fighting Aircraft: B-1B. New York: Prentice Hall, 1986. ISBN 0-13-055237-2.
- Taube, L.J., Study Manager. "SD 72-SH-0003, B-70 Aircraft Study Final Report, Vol. I". North American Rockwell via NASA, April 1972: Vol. II: Vol. III: Vol. IV.
- von Braun Wernher (Estate of), Frederick I. Ordway III and David Jr. Dooling. Space Travel: A History. New York: Harper & Row, 1985, first edition, 1975. ISBN 0-06-181898-4.
- Winchester, Jim. "North American XB-70 Valkyrie". Concept Aircraft: Prototypes, X-Planes and Experimental Aircraft. Kent, UK: Grange Books plc., 2005. ISBN 978-1-84013-809-2.
- York, Herbert Jr. Race to Oblivion: A Participant's View of the Arms Race. Arkiveret 31. oktober 2015 hos Wayback Machine New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978. ISBN 0-06-181898-4.
Eksterne henvisninger
- Pike, Iain (25. juni 1964). "B-70 The State of the Art Improver Part 1". Flight International: 1055-1062.
- Pike, Iain (2. juli 1964). "B-70 The State of the Art Improver Part 2". Flight International: 18-24.
- North American XB-70A, XB-70A Construction pages on National Museum of the USAF site
- NASA photos Arkiveret 5. marts 2016 hos Wayback Machine and videos Arkiveret 20. december 2016 hos Wayback Machine
- North American XB-70A Valkyrie presentation 1965 on youtube.com
Medier brugt på denne side
North American XB-70 on ramp ECN-1814.jpg
XB-70A parked on a ramp at Edwards Air Force Base in 1967.
XB-70A parked on a ramp at Edwards Air Force Base in 1967.
Originally designed as a Mach 3 bomber, the XB-70A never went into production and instead was used for flight research involving the Air Force and NASA's Flight Research Center FRC, which was a predecessor of today's NASA Dryden Flight Research Center.
The aircraft's shadow indicates its unusual planform. This featured two canards behind the cockpit, followed by a large, triangular delta wing. The outboard portions of the wing were hinged so they could be folded down for improved high-speed stability.
North American B-70 Valkyrie 3-view line drawing (Standard Aircraft Characteristics).png
A 3-view line drawing of the North American B-70 Valkyrie.
A 3-view line drawing of the North American B-70 Valkyrie.
North American XB-70 in Flight EC68-2131.jpg
The #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is viewed from above in cruise configuration with the wing tips drooped for improved controllability. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by the NASA Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, in a high-speed flight research program.
The #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is viewed from above in cruise configuration with the wing tips drooped for improved controllability. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by the NASA Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, in a high-speed flight research program.
North American XB-70 above runway ECN-792.jpg
Viewed from the front the #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is shown climbing out during take-off. Most flights were scheduled during the morning hours to take advantage of the cooler ambient air temperatures for improved propulsion efficiencies. The wing tips are extended straight out to provide a maximum lifting wing surface. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by NASA in a high speed flight research program.
Viewed from the front the #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is shown climbing out during take-off. Most flights were scheduled during the morning hours to take advantage of the cooler ambient air temperatures for improved propulsion efficiencies. The wing tips are extended straight out to provide a maximum lifting wing surface. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by NASA in a high speed flight research program.