Nordvestterritoriet (USA)

Nordvestterritoriet

1787–1803
flag
Flag
nationalvåben
Nationalvåben
Motto"He has planted one better than the one fallen"
placering
Territoriet nordvest for floden Ohio, 1787
HovedstadMarietta (1788–1799)
Chillicothe (1799–1803)[1]
RegeringsformOrganiseret territorium
Guvernør 
• 1787–1802
Arthur St. Clair
• 1802–1803
Charles Willing Byrd
Historie 
d. 13. juli 1787
• Bekræftet af Kongressen
d. 7. august 1789
• Indianaterritoriet dannes
d. 7. maj 1800
• Ohio optages som delstat
d. 1 marts 1803
Efterfulgte
Efterfulgt af
Indianerreservat (1763)
Provinsen Quebec (1763–1791)
Ohio
Indianaterritoriet



For alternative betydninger, se Nordvestterritoriet. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Nordvestterritoriet)

Nordvestterritoriet (engelsk: Northwest Territory) blev dannet ud fra noget uorganiseret vestligt territorium i USA efter den amerikanske uafhængighedskrig. Det var det første postkoloniale inkorporeret territorium i USA, som blev etableret i 1787 af konføderationskongressen gennem Nordvestbekendtgørelsen. Nordvestterritoriet ophørte formelt med at eksistere i 1803.

På tidspunktet for dets oprettelse omfattede territoriet hele landet vest for Pennsylvania, nordvest for Ohio-floden og øst for Mississippi-floden under De Store Søer. Regionen blev afgivet til USA i Paris-traktaten af 1783. Under hele uafhængighedskrigen var regionen en del af den britiske provins Quebec. Territoriet spænder over hele eller store dele af seks efterfølgende etableret amerikanske delstater (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin og den nordøstlige del af Minnesota). Territoriet ophørte med at eksistere d. 1. marts 1803, da den sydøstlige del af territoriet blev optaget i Unionen, som delstaten Ohio, mens den resterende del af det oprindelige territorie blev udskilt og fremadrettet benævnt som Indiana-territoriet.

Oprindeligt var området styret under krigsret under en guvernør og tre dommere. Efterhånden som befolkningen steg, blev der dannet en lovgivende forsamling og en række amter. På tidspunktet for dets oprettelse var Nordvestterritoriet en stor vildmark, som var befolket af indianske kulturer, herunder Delaware, Miami, Potawatomi, Shawnee og andre. Der var kun en håndfuld franske koloniale bosættelser og Clarksville. På tidspunktet for territoriets opløsning var der snesevis af byer og bosættelser (nogle få med tusindvis af bosættere), hovedsageligt langs Ohio- og Miami-floderne og den sydlige bred af Lake Erie i Ohio.

Referencer

  1. ^ "Northwest Territory". HowStuffWorks. Arkiveret fra originalen 1. januar 2014. Hentet 10. august 2013.
  2. ^ C. Cong. 1787, 32:334

Medier brugt på denne side

Northwest Territory locator map (1787).svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Isochrone, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
This map was improved or created by the Wikigraphists of the Graphic Lab (en). You can propose images to clean up, improve, create or translate as well.
Red Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg
British Red Ensign (1707–1800)
Flag of the United States (1795–1818).svg

Digital reproduction of the Star Spangled Banner Flag, the 15-star and 15-stripe U.S. garrison flag which flew over Fort McHenry following the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Seeing the flag during the battle, and again the following morning, inspired Francis Scott Key's song The Star-Spangled Banner, now the U.S. national anthem. During the battle a smaller "storm flag" was flown; it was replaced by this larger flag early the next morning, which is the flag Key saw then. This larger flag is now displayed at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. For several decades it remained in the family of Fort McHenry's commanding officer, before being given to the Smithsonian in 1912. The family cut pieces out of the flag from time to time as gifts.

The original flag was 42 feet long and 30 feet high, with each stripe being about two feet, and the stars being about two feet in diameter. It was made by Mary Young Pickersgill and her assistants. More info on the original dimensions here. The stars seem to mostly point to the side, except for one (the bottom right) which points down. One star has been cut out of the actual flag, so I'm guessing that originally pointed to the side as well (Fort McHenry flies a flag (File:Ft mchenry 15starflag.jpg) with a similar star pattern, but it looks like they are all to the side, and the other dimensions look similar to a modern flag). I guesstimated other dimensions and star positions based on File:Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg; the union (blue area) looks to be about 19 feet wide. The star rows look to be evenly distributed; i.e. the distance between the top/bottom edges and the center of a star row looks to be about the same as the distance between two (centers of) rows. Not so left-to-right; they are pretty close to the right edge and even closer to the hoist side. Also available here, page 12.
Flag of Ohio.svg
The flag of the U.S. state of Ohio, officially known as the "Ohio Burgee"
Seal of the Northwest Territory.png
Seal of the Northwest Territory of the United States, bearing the inscription, "The Seal of the Territory of the U.S. N.W. of the River Ohio." Hon. William Hayden English describes the seal and its symbolism:
The coiled snake in the foreground and the boats in the middle distance; the rising sun, the forest tree felled by the ax and cut into logs, succeeded, apparently, by an apple tree laden with fruit; the Latin inscription, "Meliorem lapsa locavit," "he has planted a better than the fallen," all combine forcibly to express the idea that a wild and savage condition is to be superseded by a higher and better civilization. [1]
This image is a sketch by English based on the seal on documents furnished by President Benjamin Harrison and other authorities in Washington, D.C. Variations of this seal can be seen in w:File:OhioCompanyOfAssociates.jpg and File:MELIOREM LAPSA LOCAVIT.JPG.
Flag of the United States (1777–1795).svg
US Flag with 13 stars. In use 14 June 1777–1 May 1795.