Neoptera
Neoptera | |
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(c) Anthere, CC BY-SA 3.0 | |
Videnskabelig klassifikation | |
Rige | Animalia (Dyr) |
Række | Arthropoda (Leddyr) |
Klasse | Insecta (Insekter) |
Underklasse | Pterygota |
Infraklasse | Neoptera (insekter med vinger, der kan foldes fladt over ryggen) |
Hjælp til læsning af taksobokse |
Neoptera (oldgræsk néos (“ny”) + pteron (“vinge”)) er en infraklasse af insekter, der omfatter de fleste ordener af vingede insekter, specifikt dem, der kan folde deres vinger over ryggen. Dette er i modsætning til de mere basale ordener af vingede insekter (Palaeoptera-divisionen), som ikke er i stand til at bøje deres vinger på denne måde.
Taksonet Neoptera blev foreslået af А.М. Martynov i 1923 og 1924.[1][2]
Slægtskabsforhold
Neopteras fylogeni er ikke fuldstændigt løst. Et kladogram baseret på morfologiske karakteristika gengives her ifølge Kluge 2004, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2019 og 2020.[3][4][5]
Dette stemmer ikke overens med fylogeni baseret på molekylære (DNA) data udarbejdet af f.eks. Song et al 2016 for Polyneoptera, som inkluderer Zoraptera i denne klade,[6] eller f.eks. af Kjer et al 2016 for Endopterygota.[7]
Neoptera |
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Referencer
- ^ Martynov, A. V. (1923). "О двух основных типах крыльев насекомых и их значении для общей классификаци насекомых" [On the two main types of insect wings and their significance for the general classification of insects]. Proceedings of the I All-Russian Congress of Zoologists, Anatomists and Histologists in Petrograd on 15-21 December 1922: 88-89.
- ^ Martynov, A. V. (1924). "О двух типах крыльев насекомых и их эволюции" [There are two types of drug addicts and evolutionists]. Russian Zoological Journal. 4 (1, 2): 155-185.
- ^ Kluge, Nikita J. (2004). "Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola Burmeister, 1832 = Oligoneoptera Martynov, 1923" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 13 (4): 189-229.
- ^ Kluge, Nikita J. (2010). "Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda" (PDF). Bionomina. 1: 15-55.
- ^ Kluge, Nikita J. (2012). "General System of Neoptera with Description of a New Species of Embioptera" (PDF). Russian Entomological Journal. 21 (4): 371-384. Further material from Kluge is available at Tegminoptera & Calyptroptera 2013 Tetrastigmoptera 2019 Insect systematics and principles of cladoendesis.
- ^ Song, Nan; Li, Hu; Song, Fan; Cai, Wanzhi (26. oktober 2016). "Molecular phylogeny of Polyneoptera (Insecta) inferred from expanded mitogenomic data". Scientific Reports. 6 (1). doi:10.1038/srep36175. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ^ Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMC 5014063. PMID 27558853.
Medier brugt på denne side
Forfatter/Opretter: Didier Descouens, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Flight position - Dorsal side
Forfatter/Opretter: JonRichfield, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A species of Zebra cockroach in a chalet in a conservation area.
About 20 km south of Uniondale, South Africa
Zorotypus guineensis. Insect order Zoraptera. The main illustration of the type specimen published by F. Sylvestri Bollettino del Laboratorio di zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d'agricoltura in Portici Volume 7 1913 pp. 193-209
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Raphidioptera
Forfatter/Opretter: USDAgov, Licens: CC BY 2.0
Common house fly, Musca domestica.
Illustration of a dobsonfly. The original caption read:
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Stick insect
Forfatter/Opretter: Alex Wild, Licens: CC0
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Forfatter/Opretter: URSchmidt, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Pseudacrossus przewalskyi (Reitter, 1887) Familie: Scarabaeidae Groesse: 7,3 mm Fundort: Kirgisistan, Inner Tien-Shan, Aidupu Mts., 3600 m, 8-14 km N lake Son-Kul leg.E.Hetzel, 2.VIII.1999; det. J.Schoenfeld,, 2004 Foto: U.Schmidt, 2017
Elenchus koebelei
Forfatter/Opretter: sarefo, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
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Forfatter/Opretter: I.Sáček, senior; Chiswick Chap, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Snow scorpionfly Boreus hiemalis
Forfatter/Opretter: Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez, Licens: CC BY 3.0
Panorpa communis, Valverde, Vilarromarís, Oroso, Galicia (Spain)
Forfatter/Opretter:
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Common earwig, Forficula auricularia on a white background. Specimen is approx 18mm in length. Taken in Swifts Creek, Victoria in April 2007
Forfatter/Opretter: Katja ZSM, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Pulex irritans, female, stored in ZSM collection
Stagmomantis carolina
Forfatter/Opretter: BruceBlaus, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
A medical illustration depicting the body of a louse.
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Gryllidae (cricket)
Forfatter/Opretter: User:Fir0002, Licens: GFDL 1.2
European Wasp on a white background. Specimen is about 12mm. Taken in Swifts Creek, Victoria, Australia.
Neoperla clymene, Plecoptera
Forfatter/Opretter: Vítězslav Maňák (SLU), Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arctia villica, insect collections SLU, Uppsala
Forfatter/Opretter: , Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Rhyacophila dorsalis. Dorsal side