Nader Shah
| Nader Shah | |
|---|---|
| Shāhānshāh af Afsharidriget | |
| Regerede | 1736–1747 |
| Efterfølger | Adil Shah |
| Født | 1688 eller 1698 Dastgerd, Iran |
| Død | 19. Juni 1747 |
| Hvilested | Mashhad |
| Religion | Islam |
Nāder Shāh Afshār, Nadir Shah (persisk: نادر شاه افشار eller Nāder Qoli Beg - نادر قلی بیگ og Tahmāsp Qoli Khān - تهماسپ قلی خان) november, 1688[1] eller 6. august 1698[2] – 19. juni 1747) var shah af Iran fra 1736 til 1747 og grundlægger af Afsharidriget. Begrund af hans militære geni, har nogle beskrivet ham som Napoleon af Persien[3] og den anden Alexander.[4] Nader Shah var medlem af en tyrkisk folkestamme i det nordlige Persien.[5]
Liv
Naders far var en fattig hyrde, der døde da Nader var barn. Efter en karriere som bandit og militærleder afsatte han den sidste shah af Safavide-dynastiet, Abbas 3. Nader Shah var en meget effektiv krigsleder.
Han blev myrdet i 1747. Hans efterkommere regerede Iran til 1796.
Kilder
- ^ Ernest Tucker (29. marts 2006). "Nāder Shāh 1736-47". Encyclopædia Iranica.
- ^ Nader's exact date of birth is unknown but 6 august is the "likeliest" according to Axworthy p.17 (and note) and The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol. 7 p.3); other biographers favour 1688.
- ^ Axworthy p. xvii
- ^ "Biography of Nadir Shah Afshar "The Persian Napoleon" (1688-1747)". Arkiveret fra originalen 4. oktober 2013. Hentet 24. marts 2013.
- ^ Michael Axworthy's biography of Nader, The Sword of Persia (I.B. Tauris, 2006), pp. 17-19: "His father was of lowly but respectable status, a herdsman of the Afshar tribe ... The Qereqlu Afshars to whom Nader's father belonged were a semi-nomadic Turcoman tribe settled in Khorasan in north-eastern Iran ... The tribes of Khorasan were for the most part ethnically distinct from the Persian-speaking population, speaking Turkic or Kurdish languages. Nader's mother tongue was a dialect of the language group spoken by the Turkic tribes of Iran and Central Asia, and he would have quickly learned Persian, the language of high culture and the cities as he grew older. But the Turkic language was always his preferred everyday speech, unless he was dealing with someone who knew only Persian."
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Painting, portrait of Nadir Shah seated on a carpet, oil on canvas, probably Tehran, 1780s or 1790s
This painting is a portrait of Nadir Shah Afshar, one of the most important figures in Iranian history of the last 300 years. Nadir Shah was a brilliant military commander of humble origins who rose through the ranks due to his talent. He was a key figure in the restoration of order in Iran after the Afghan invasion of his country in 1722. At first, he worked in the name of members of the previous dynasty, the Safavids. In 1736, however, he declared himself Shah, and he ruled with considerable success until his assassination in 1747. He established a large and effective army that had few rivals in Asia. With it he repulsed the Ottomans and Russians from Iranian territory and conducted a successful invasion of the Mughal empire in what is now Pakistan and northern India. He defeated the Mughal army in 1739 and seized the capital, Delhi. Among the loot he acquired was the Mughal emperor's jewels, which are still kept in the Central Bank of Iran in Tehran.
This is one of only two portraits of Nadir Shah in oils that survive, but they both seem to date from the late 18th century, several decades after his death. The Shah is shown wearing weapons and other accoutrements (armbands, belt, hat band etc.) that are jewelled with precious stones understood to be from the Mughal treasure. The carpet on which he sits is also Mughal.
Painting, oil pigments on canvas, portrait of Nadir Shah.
Frame height: 179cm
Frame width: 116.5cm
Weight: 60kg (Rough estimate of weight framed and glazed)
Frame depth: 7.5cm