Museion
Museion i Alexandria (oldgræsk: Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας; latin: Musaeum Alexandrinum), som uden tvivl omfattede biblioteket i Alexandria,[1] var en institution, der siges at være blevet grundlagt af Ptolemaios 1. Soter eller hans søn Ptolemaios 2. Filadelfos.[2] Oprindeligt betød ordet museion ethvert sted, der var dedikeret til muserne, ofte relateret til studiet af musik eller poesi, men senere forbundet med læresteder såsom Platons akademi og Aristoteles' Lyceum.[3][4]
Ptolemæerne etablerede efter sigende deres Museion og biblioteket med den hensigt at samle nogle af de bedste lærde i den hellenistiske verden og samle alle de bøger, der var kendt på det tidspunkt.[5][6] Selvom det ikke indebar en samling af kunstværker, er ordet museion roden til den moderne brug af ordet museum.
Referencer
- ^ Forholdet mellem institutionerne er stadig et spørgsmål til debat. Museion diskuteres af P.M. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria (1972: vol. I: 213–219 etc), and Mostafa el-Addabi, The Life and Fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria (Paris 1990: 84–90).
- ^ Russo, L. (2004). The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had to Be Reborn. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18904-3. ISBN 978-3-540-20068-0.
- ^ Entry Μουσείον at Liddell & Scott
- ^ Natali, C. (2013). Aristotle: His Life and School. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4600-9.
- ^ Berti, M.; Costa, V. (2009), The Ancient Library of Alexandria. A Model for Classical Scholarship in the Age of Million Book Libraries 1, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.158.2953
- ^ Lynch, J. P. (1972). Aristotle's school; a study of a Greek educational institution (English). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02194-5. OCLC 548489.
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Forfatter/Opretter: The original uploader was Seabhcan at engelsk Wikipedia., Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
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The original statue on which this figure is based no longer survives, but it inspired numerous Hellenistic and Roman copies that were placed in public and private gardens. Statues of the Muses also adorned the great scholarly complex in Alexandria known as the Mouseion, "Place of the Muses," which has given us the modern word "museum."
Forfatter/Opretter: drawing by Kaidor, English text by Ashaio, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
The map of Alexandria in Ptolemaic times. Based on [1]