Malkekvæg
Malkekvæg (malkekøer) er tamkvæg, der holdes i landbruget for voksne køers evne til at producere mælk. Denne komælk er i store dele af verden den centrale råvare i mejeriprodukter.
Historisk set har der ikke været skelnet mellem malkekvæg og kødkvæg, idet de samme racer blev brugt til både mælke- og kødproduktion. I nutiden er kvægproduktion typisk mere specialiseret, og de fleste malkekøer er fremavlet til at yde høje mælkemængder. Som et eksempel på dette kan nævnes tal fra USA, hvor der i 1950 var omkring 22 millioner malkekøer, der producerede 52,6 millioner tons mælk, mens de tilsvarende tal i 2007 var lidt over 9 millioner dyr og en produktion på 83,9 millioner tons.[1][2] Der er omkring 1 milliard kvæg i hele verden, som alle spiser ca. 60-80 foder, og drikker 100 liter vand om dagen.[kilde mangler]
Noter
- ^ "Milk Cows Production Final Estimates 2003-2007" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. marts 2009. Hentet 2011-06-15.
- ^ Don P. Blayney (juni 2002). "The Changing Landscape of U.S. Milk Production" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 21. juli 2011. Hentet 2011-06-15.
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Holstein-Friesian milk cow
Because much of the cost of a cow is the feed and labor needed to maintain her, fewer but higher yielding cows mean lower priced milk. Dairy herd improvement ultimately benefits consumers.
That's why it's just as important to keep complete and accurate records as it is to keep the cows contented. The National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program has been tracking Bossy's milk yields since 1905.
Over the years, this program has made enormous contributions to dairy cattle breeding. ARS scientists receive the lactation records of all herds enrolled in the program and use the figures to rank the bulls that sire the nation's dairy cows and to rank the cows themselves.
The results of years and years of scientific dairying? Milk production has been trending upward for more than 25 years in the United States-from about 117,000 million pounds in 1970 to more than 150,000 million pounds in 1994-even though the number of milk cows has been reduced.