Livre de chasse
Livre de chasse er en middelalderlig bog om jagt, der blev skrevet mellem 1387 og 1389 af Gaston 3., greve af Foix, der også er kendt som Fébus eller Phoebus, og dedikeret til Filip den Dristige, Hertug af Burgund.[1] Fébus var en af de dygtigste jægere i sin samtid, og hans værk blev en af de grudnlæggende tekster om middelalderlige jagtteknikker. Af forskeren Hannele Klemettilä er det blevet beskrevet som "en af de mest indflydelsesrige tekster i sin periode".[2]
Bogen har fire dele:
- Om blide og vilde dyr
- Om hundes natur og pleje
- Om instruktion i jagt med hunde
- Om jagt med fælder, snarer og armbrøst[3]
Udgaver og oversættelser
Teksten er blevet oversat og tilpasset til engelsk af Edward af Norwich, 2. hertug af York mellem 1406 og 1413, hvor den blev udgivet som The Master of Game, hvor der er bevaret 27 manuskripter.
Værker er blevet trykt tre gange i 1500-tallet (én gang i 1500 og to gange omkring 1507), og det er blevet udgivet i adskillige moderne udgaver siden 1854, hvor af den seneste er Das Jagdbuch des Mittelalters. Ms. fr. 616 der Bibliothèque nationale in Paris, redigeret af W. Schlag og Marcel Thomas (Glanzlichter der Buchkunst 4; Graz, 1994; genudgivet i 2001).
Manuskripter
Der eksisterer 44 bevarede manuskripter af Livre de chasse.[4] Den bedste kendte er nok Ms. fr. 616 fra det franske nationalbibliotek, som er blevet gentrykt flere gange. Den komplette liste er som følger:[5]
- MS IV 1050 – Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, Bruxelles
- Typ 130 – Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass)
- Ms. 343 – Bibliothèque Inguimbertine, Carpentras
- Ms. 367 (480) – Bibliothèque et Archives du Château de Chantilly, Chantilly
- Oc. 61 – Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Dresden
- Ms. 169 – Bibliothèque de Genève, Geneve
- Hunter 385 (V.2.5) – Glasgow University Library, Glasgow
- Rastatt 124 – Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhe
- Add. 27699 – British Library, London
- MS. 27 – J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
- Ms. 765 – Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon
- Ms. 22 – Musée Thomas-Dobrée, Nantes
- MS M. 1044 – Morgan Library, New York
- MS fr. 616, MS fr. 617, MS fr. 618, MS fr. 619, MS fr. 620, MS fr. 1289, MS fr. 1291, MS fr. 1293, MS fr. 1294, MS fr. 1295, MS fr. 12398 – Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
- Ms. 6529 – Musée national du Château de Pau, Pau
- HB XI 34a – Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart
- J.a.VIII.6 – Archivio di Stato di Torino, Torino
- Ms. 841 – Bibliothèque municipale de Tours
- Reginensi latini 1323, Reginensi latini 1326, Reginensi latini 1331 – Vatikanbiblioteket, Vatikanet
Referencer
- ^ d'Athenaise 2002, s. 4-7.
- ^ Klemettilä 2015, s. 4.
- ^ "Hunting the Roebuck: Fol. 77v". The Morgan Library & Museum. Hentet 31. marts 2017.
- ^ Vernier 2008, s. 130.
- ^ Arlima: archives de littérature du moyen âge. Accessed 1 November 2015.
- Litteratur
- d'Athenaise, Claude, red. (2002), Le livre de chasse de Gaston Phėbus (fransk), Paris: Bibliothėque de l'Image, ISBN 2-914661-03-7
- Klemettilä, Hannele (2015), Animals and Hunters in the Late Middle Ages: Evidence from the BnF MS fr. 616 of the Livre de chasse by Gaston Fébus, Museum Studies, New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-13-884233-5
- Vernier, Richard (2008), Lord of the Pyrenees: Gaston Fėbus, Count of Foix 1331-1391, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, ISBN 978-1-84383-356-7
Eksterne henvisninger
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Medier brugt på denne side
Gaston Phoebus (1331–1391) Ex Libris of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Spain Livre de la chasse, in French France, Paris ca. 1407 15 1/4 x 11 1/4 inches (385 x 287 mm) Bequest of Clara S. Peck, 1983 MS M. 1044
Page description: The Morgan Phoebus, a book fit for a king, was given to Ferdinand and Isabella a few years before 1492, when they retook Granada and added the pomegranate (its symbol) to their coat of arms. As a sign of their ownership, they commissioned a Castilian artist connected with Juan de Carrion to add this splendid ex libris to the manuscript. The emblems in the inner border reflect the monarchs' conjugal bond, for each used the one belonging to the initial of the other: Ferdinand, the yoke (iugo, the I) and Isabella, the arrow (flecha, the F). The animals in the outer border offer a prelude to the manuscript, as they are quoted from its miniatures.
About this exhibition: The Morgan's lavishly illustrated Phoebus was made in Paris about 1407, as was one in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Of the forty-six surviving Phoebus manuscripts, these two are the most magnificent. This presentation includes forty-five images from Phoebus and five other images depicting the noble hunt.
Hunting was an important part of medieval life; kings and noblemen were expected to excel and take pleasure in the pursuit. Some famous hunters wrote books on the subject, whereas others collected and commissioned them. Three of the most popular French treatises were written during the fourteenth century, but others were also written in Spanish, English, and German.
Gaston III, Count of Foix (1331–1391), called Phoebus on account of his golden hair or handsome features, wrote his hunting book late in life (1387–89), sharing his knowledge in a field in which he claimed supremacy, unlike in his two other pleasures in life, arms and love. The work, dedicated to his fellow hunter and warrior Philip the Bold (1342–1404), Duke of Burgundy, comprises four books: On Gentle and Wild Beasts, On the Nature and Care of Dogs, On Instructions for Hunting with Dogs, and On Hunting with Traps, Snares, and Crossbow.
This manuscript may have been commissioned by Philip the Bold's son, John the Fearless (1371–1419), as a gift for Louis d'Orléans (1372–1407). If so, it would date before 23 November 1407, when Louis was assassinated in Paris. Years later it fell into the hands of a duke of Brittany, probably Francis II (r. 1458–88), who added his arms on folio 4. Before 1492 it was acquired by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who added their magnificent full-page arms to the book (folio 1v).
In 1928 Dr. Rosenbach of Philadelphia bought the book from Thomas Fenwick, heir of Sir Thomas Phillipps, the "vellomaniac,", for £10,000 and offered it to J. P. Morgan, Jr., at the special price of $165,000, which Morgan declined. There is no evidence that Fenwick ever offered it to Pierpont Morgan, but Morgan might well have been interested. Morgan was a breeder of collies, and in 1893 he entered ten collies in the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show at Madison Square Garden, winning the silver cup for the best collie, Sefton Hero.
The book remained unsold until 1943, when Rosenbach sold it to Clara S. Peck, who was a breeder and rider of horses, for $65,000. Three years later she lent it to the Morgan for an exhibition on Sports and Pastime. Thereafter, through the continued efforts of the Morgan's first three directors, Peck decided to bequeath it to the Morgan, which she did on 20 April 1983.