Liste over Præsidenter i Royal Society
Præsidenterne i Royal Society (PRS) er de valgte direktører for Royal Society i London, som er formand for møderne i Rooal Society's råd.
Efter uformelle møder på Gresham College blev Royal Society officielt grundlagt den 28. november 1660, da en gruppe af akademikere besluttede at grundlægge "en skole for fremme af fysisk-Matematisk Eksperimentel Læring",[1] og erhvervede Royal Charter d. 15. juli 1662.[2] Royal Charter nominerede William Brouncker som præsident, og fastsatte at fremtidige præsidenter sulle vælge af Rådet og Fellos af Royal Society ved jubilæumsmøder hvert år på St. Andrew's Day (30 November).
Detaljerne i formandskabet blev beskrevet i den anden Royal Charter,som ikke fastsatte nogen grænse for, hvor længe en præsident kunne blive i embedet. Der var betydelige udsving i præsidentens embedsperiode indtil langt ind i det 1800-tallet. På det tidspunkt havde stemningen vendt mod valg af velhavende amatører, alene fordi de kan blive mæcener i samfundet, og i 1847 besluttede Royal Society, at Fellows ville blive valgt udelukkende på baggrund af videnskabelig kvalitet. Siden 1870'erne har det været sædvanligt (med få undtagelser) for hver formand at tjene i præcis fem år. Under de nuværende vedtægter, kan en præsident ikke tjene mere end fem år.[3]
Den nuværende præsident er Sir Paul Nurse.[4] Historisk har præsidentens pligter både været formelle og sociale. Under Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 var præsidenten en af kun få personer, der var autoriseret til at certificere, at et bestemt dyreforsøg var berettiget, og derudover har han fungeret som regeringens chefrådgiver (omend uformelt) i videnskabelige spørgsmål. Samtidig blev præsidentens opgave underholdende fornemme udenlandske gæster og videnskabsfolk.[5]
Et skift af præsidenter sker på Royal Society Anniversary Day, ugedagen på eller nærmest 30. november, efter afgangen af President's Anniversary Address.[6]
Præsidenter af Royal Society
År | Præsident | Profession | |
---|---|---|---|
1662–1677 | Viscount Brouncker | Matematiker | |
1677–1680 | Sir Joseph Williamson | Embedsmand og politiker | |
1680–1682 | Sir Christopher Wren | Arkitekt, astronom og fysiker | |
1682–1683 | Sir John Hoskyns, Bt. | Advokat | |
1683–1684 | Cyril Wyche | Advokat og politiker | |
1684–1686 | Samuel Pepys | Flåde administrator og parlamentsmedlem | |
1686–1689 | The Earl of Carbery | Politiker | |
1689–1690 | The Earl of Pembroke | Politiker | |
1690–1695 | Sir Robert Southwell | Diplomat | |
1695–1698 | Charles Montagu | Digter og statsmand | |
1698–1703 | The Lord Somers | Jurist og statsmand | |
1703–1727 | Sir Isaac Newton | Fysiker, matematiker, astronom, naturfilosof, alkymist og teolog | |
1727–1741 | Sir Hans Sloane, Bt. | Fysiker og samler | |
1741–1752 | Martin Folkes | Antikvar | |
1752–1764 | The Earl of Macclesfield | Astronom | |
1764–1768 | The Earl of Morton | Astronom og skotsk repræsentant | |
1768-1768 | James Burrow | Juridisk reporter | |
1768–1772 | James West | Politiker og antikvar | |
1772-1772 | James Burrow | Juridisk reporter | |
1772–1778 | Sir John Pringle | Fysiker | |
1778–1820 | Sir Joseph Banks | Naturhistoriker og botaniker | |
1820-1820 | William Hyde Wollaston | Kemiker | |
1820–1827 | Sir Humphry Davy, Bt. | Kemiker og opfinder | |
1827–1830 | Davies Gilbert | Ingeniør, forfatter og politiker | |
1830–1838 | HRH Hertugen af Sussex | Sjette søn af Georg 3. af Storbritannien | |
1838–1848 | The Marquess of Northampton | Adelsmand | |
1848–1854 | The Earl of Rosse | Astronom | |
1854–1858 | The Lord Wrottesley | Astronom | |
1858–1861 | Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bt. | Fysiolog og kirurg | |
1861–1871 | Sir Edward Sabine | Astronom, geofysiker, ornitolog og opdagelsesrejsende | |
1871–1873 | Sir George Biddell Airy | Matematiker og astronom | |
1873–1878 | Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker | Botaniker og opdagelsesrejsende | |
1878–1883 | William H Spottiswoode | Matematiker og fysiker | |
1883–1885 | The Rt. Hon. Thomas Henry Huxley, P.C. | Biolog | |
1885–1890 | Sir George Stokes | Matematiker og fysiker | |
1890–1895 | Sir William Thomson | Matematisk fysiker | |
1895–1900 | The Lord Lister | Kirurg | |
1900–1905 | Sir William Huggins | Astronom | |
1905–1908 | The Lord Rayleigh | Fysiker | |
1908–1913 | Sir Archibald Geikie | Geolog og forfater | |
1913–1915 | Sir William Crookes | Kemiker og fysiker | |
1915–1920 | Sir Joseph John Thomson | Fysiker | |
1920–1925 | Sir Charles Scott Sherrington | Neurofysiolog, histolog, bateriolog og patolog | |
1925–1930 | Sir Ernest Rutherford | Fysiker og kemiker | |
1930–1935 | Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins | Biofysiker | |
1935–1940 | Sir William Henry Bragg | Fysiker, kemiker og matematiker | |
1940–1945 | Sir Henry Hallett Dale | Farmakolog og fysiolog | |
1945–1950 | Sir Robert Robinson | Organisk kemiker | |
1950–1955 | Edgar Adrian | Elektrofysiolog | |
1955–1960 | Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood | Fysisk kemiker | |
1960–1965 | Sir Howard Florey | Farmakolog og patolog | |
1965–1970 | Patrick Blackett | Fysiker | |
1970–1975 | Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin | Fysiker og biofysiker | |
1975–1980 | The Lord Todd | Biokemiker | |
1980–1985 | Sir Andrew Huxley | Fysiolog og biofysiker | |
1985–1990 | Sir George Porter | Kemiker | |
1990–1995 | Sir Michael Atiyah | Matematiker | |
1995–2000 | Sir Aaron Klug | Kemiker og biofysiker | |
2000–2005 | Sir Robert May | Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government | |
2005–2010 | The Lord Rees of Ludlow | Kosmolog og astrofysiker | |
2010–2015 | Sir Paul Nurse | Genetiker og cellebiolog | |
2015–2020 | Sir Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | Biofysiker | |
2020-nu | Sir Adrian Smith | Statistiker |
Referencer
- ^ "History of the Royal Society".
- ^ The Royal Society. "Royal Charters". Hentet 14. marts 2012.
- ^ "The role of President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 9. juni 2008. Hentet 6. december 2009.
- ^ "Sir Paul Nurse nominated as next President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Hentet 18. december 2010.
- ^ "The Presidency of the Royal Society of London". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 6 (146): 442. 1885. doi:10.1126/science.ns-6.146.442. PMID 17749567.
- ^ "The Role of President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. 2008. Hentet 2. april 2008.
Eksterne henvisninger
- "Presidents of the Royal Society (1662–2006)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004.
Medier brugt på denne side
Forfatter/Opretter: en:User:Robminchin (self-confirmed here at a later date), Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Photograph of Sir Martin Rees (Lord Rees of Ludlow) taken at the 50th anniversary of the Lovell radio telescope at Jodrell Bank.
English physicist J J Thomson.
Forfatter/Opretter: Russell & Sons, London., Licens: No restrictions
Creator/Photographer: Russell & Sons
Medium: Cabinet card mount
Dimensions: 14.6 cm x 10 cm
Date: July 4, 1906
Collection: Scientific Identity: Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology - As a supplement to the Dibner Library for the History of Science and Technology's collection of written works by scientists, engineers, natural philosophers, and inventors, the library also has a collection of thousands of portraits of these individuals. The portraits come in a variety of formats: drawings, woodcuts, engravings, paintings, and photographs, all collected by donor Bern Dibner. Presented here are a few photos from the collection, from the late 19th and early 20th century.
Persistent URL: [1]
Repository: Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Accession number: SIL14-T002-05Alexander Robertus Todd (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997)
John Wrottesley, 2nd Baron Wrottesley (5 August 1798, Wrottesley Hall in Staffordshire – 27 October 1867, Wrottesley)
William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse
Forfatter/Opretter: Not specified in the submission, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Sir Paul Maxime Nurse, PRS (born 25 January 1949) is a British biochemist and Nobel laureate.
John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (died 1723), given to the National Portrait Gallery, London in 1945. See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Forfatter/Opretter: Bogaerts, Rob / Anefo, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0 nl
Aaron Klug receives the H.P. Heineken prize from Prince Claus
توماس هنري هكسلي
Sir Edward Sabine, by Stephen Pearce (died 1904). See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.Henry Hallett Dale, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
© Prolineserver 2010, Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0)
Nobel Prize 2009, press conference with the laureates at the KVA: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan.
Frederick Gowland Hopkins (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947)
James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton Cropped from File:James Douglas Davison.jpg, 1740 portrait by Jeremiah Davison
Forfatter/Opretter: NBeale, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Bob May giving a public lecture at Harvard
Forfatter/Opretter: Fry1989, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of the Royal Society - Argent, a canton of England
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex wearing the robes of a Knight of the Order of the Thistle
Portrait of George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (c.1695-1764)
Robert Robinson (13 September 1886 – 8 February, 1975)
Edgar Douglas Adrian
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (June 19, 1897 – October 9, 1967)
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1860s
William Crookes
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet
New Zealand chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
Sir Howard Walter Florey, Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945
Andrew Fielding Huxley, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke, by John Greenhill (died 1676). See source website for additional information.
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.John William Strutt, 3rd Baron of Rayleigh, British physicist.
Picture of Sir Robert Southwell. Born in Kinsale in Co. Cork
Forfatter/Opretter: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Licens: OGL v1.0
Adrian Smith was appointed Director General, Knowledge and Innovation in December 2010
Forfatter/Opretter: Sir Archibald Geikie, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Photograph of Sir Archibald Geikie sourced from the frontispiece of his book
William Bragg
Portrait of Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English lawyer and President of the Royal Society.
The surgeon Joseph Lister in 1902.
George Hornidge Porter (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002)
Forfatter/Opretter: Gert-Martin Greuel, Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 de
Michael Francis Atiyah
Sir George Gabriel Stokes (13 August 1819–1 February 1903)