Liste over Præsidenter i Royal Society

Royal Society's våbenskjold.

Præsidenterne i Royal Society (PRS) er de valgte direktører for Royal Society i London, som er formand for møderne i Rooal Society's råd.

Efter uformelle møder på Gresham College blev Royal Society officielt grundlagt den 28. november 1660, da en gruppe af akademikere besluttede at grundlægge "en skole for fremme af fysisk-Matematisk Eksperimentel Læring",[1] og erhvervede Royal Charter d. 15. juli 1662.[2] Royal Charter nominerede William Brouncker som præsident, og fastsatte at fremtidige præsidenter sulle vælge af Rådet og Fellos af Royal Society ved jubilæumsmøder hvert år på St. Andrew's Day (30 November).

Detaljerne i formandskabet blev beskrevet i den anden Royal Charter,som ikke fastsatte nogen grænse for, hvor længe en præsident kunne blive i embedet. Der var betydelige udsving i præsidentens embedsperiode indtil langt ind i det 1800-tallet. På det tidspunkt havde stemningen vendt mod valg af velhavende amatører, alene fordi de kan blive mæcener i samfundet, og i 1847 besluttede Royal Society, at Fellows ville blive valgt udelukkende på baggrund af videnskabelig kvalitet. Siden 1870'erne har det været sædvanligt (med få undtagelser) for hver formand at tjene i præcis fem år. Under de nuværende vedtægter, kan en præsident ikke tjene mere end fem år.[3]

Den nuværende præsident er Sir Paul Nurse.[4] Historisk har præsidentens pligter både været formelle og sociale. Under Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 var præsidenten en af kun få personer, der var autoriseret til at certificere, at et bestemt dyreforsøg var berettiget, og derudover har han fungeret som regeringens chefrådgiver (omend uformelt) i videnskabelige spørgsmål. Samtidig blev præsidentens opgave underholdende fornemme udenlandske gæster og videnskabsfolk.[5]

Et skift af præsidenter sker på Royal Society Anniversary Day, ugedagen på eller nærmest 30. november, efter afgangen af President's Anniversary Address.[6]

Præsidenter af Royal Society

ÅrPræsidentProfession
1662–1677Viscount BrounckerMatematiker
1677–1680Sir Joseph WilliamsonEmbedsmand og politiker
1680–1682Sir Christopher WrenArkitekt, astronom og fysiker
1682–1683Sir John Hoskyns, Bt.Advokat
1683–1684Cyril WycheAdvokat og politiker
1684–1686Samuel PepysFlåde administrator og parlamentsmedlem
1686–1689The Earl of CarberyPolitiker
1689–1690The Earl of PembrokePolitiker
1690–1695Sir Robert SouthwellDiplomat
1695–1698Charles MontaguDigter og statsmand
1698–1703The Lord SomersJurist og statsmand
1703–1727Sir Isaac NewtonFysiker, matematiker, astronom, naturfilosof, alkymist og teolog
1727–1741Sir Hans Sloane, Bt.Fysiker og samler
1741–1752Martin FolkesAntikvar
1752–1764The Earl of MacclesfieldAstronom
1764–1768The Earl of MortonAstronom og skotsk repræsentant
1768-1768James BurrowJuridisk reporter
1768–1772James WestPolitiker og antikvar
1772-1772James BurrowJuridisk reporter
1772–1778Sir John PringleFysiker
1778–1820Sir Joseph BanksNaturhistoriker og botaniker
1820-1820William Hyde WollastonKemiker
1820–1827Sir Humphry Davy, Bt.Kemiker og opfinder
1827–1830Davies GilbertIngeniør, forfatter og politiker
1830–1838HRH Hertugen af SussexSjette søn af Georg 3. af Storbritannien
1838–1848The Marquess of NorthamptonAdelsmand
1848–1854The Earl of RosseAstronom
1854–1858The Lord WrottesleyAstronom
1858–1861Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bt.Fysiolog og kirurg
1861–1871Sir Edward SabineAstronom, geofysiker, ornitolog og opdagelsesrejsende
1871–1873Sir George Biddell AiryMatematiker og astronom
1873–1878Sir Joseph Dalton HookerBotaniker og opdagelsesrejsende
1878–1883William H SpottiswoodeMatematiker og fysiker
1883–1885The Rt. Hon. Thomas Henry Huxley, P.C.Biolog
1885–1890Sir George StokesMatematiker og fysiker
1890–1895Sir William ThomsonMatematisk fysiker
1895–1900The Lord ListerKirurg
1900–1905Sir William HugginsAstronom
1905–1908The Lord RayleighFysiker
1908–1913Sir Archibald GeikieGeolog og forfater
1913–1915Sir William CrookesKemiker og fysiker
1915–1920Sir Joseph John ThomsonFysiker
1920–1925Sir Charles Scott SherringtonNeurofysiolog, histolog, bateriolog og patolog
1925–1930Sir Ernest RutherfordFysiker og kemiker
1930–1935Sir Frederick Gowland HopkinsBiofysiker
1935–1940Sir William Henry BraggFysiker, kemiker og matematiker
1940–1945Sir Henry Hallett DaleFarmakolog og fysiolog
1945–1950Sir Robert RobinsonOrganisk kemiker
1950–1955Edgar AdrianElektrofysiolog
1955–1960Sir Cyril Norman HinshelwoodFysisk kemiker
1960–1965Sir Howard FloreyFarmakolog og patolog
1965–1970Patrick BlackettFysiker
1970–1975Sir Alan Lloyd HodgkinFysiker og biofysiker
1975–1980The Lord ToddBiokemiker
1980–1985Sir Andrew HuxleyFysiolog og biofysiker
1985–1990Sir George PorterKemiker
1990–1995Sir Michael AtiyahMatematiker
1995–2000Sir Aaron KlugKemiker og biofysiker
2000–2005Sir Robert MayChief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government
2005–2010The Lord Rees of LudlowKosmolog og astrofysiker
2010–2015Sir Paul NurseGenetiker og cellebiolog
2015–2020Sir Venkatraman RamakrishnanBiofysiker
2020-nuSir Adrian SmithStatistiker

Referencer

  1. ^ "History of the Royal Society".
  2. ^ The Royal Society. "Royal Charters". Hentet 14. marts 2012.
  3. ^ "The role of President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Arkiveret fra originalen 9. juni 2008. Hentet 6. december 2009.
  4. ^ "Sir Paul Nurse nominated as next President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Hentet 18. december 2010.
  5. ^ "The Presidency of the Royal Society of London". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 6 (146): 442. 1885. doi:10.1126/science.ns-6.146.442. PMID 17749567.
  6. ^ "The Role of President of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. 2008. Hentet 2. april 2008.

Eksterne henvisninger

  • "Presidents of the Royal Society (1662–2006)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004.

Medier brugt på denne side

Martin Rees at Jodrell Bank in 2007.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: en:User:Robminchin (self-confirmed here at a later date), Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Photograph of Sir Martin Rees (Lord Rees of Ludlow) taken at the 50th anniversary of the Lovell radio telescope at Jodrell Bank.
J.J Thomson.jpg
English physicist J J Thomson.
Baron Kelvin 1906.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Russell & Sons, London., Licens: No restrictions

Creator/Photographer: Russell & Sons

Medium: Cabinet card mount

Dimensions: 14.6 cm x 10 cm

Date: July 4, 1906

Collection: Scientific Identity: Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology - As a supplement to the Dibner Library for the History of Science and Technology's collection of written works by scientists, engineers, natural philosophers, and inventors, the library also has a collection of thousands of portraits of these individuals. The portraits come in a variety of formats: drawings, woodcuts, engravings, paintings, and photographs, all collected by donor Bern Dibner. Presented here are a few photos from the collection, from the late 19th and early 20th century.

Persistent URL: [1]

Repository: Smithsonian Institution Libraries

Accession number: SIL14-T002-05
Alexander Todd Nobel.jpg
Alexander Robertus Todd (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997)
John Wrottesley ca1866.jpg
John Wrottesley, 2nd Baron Wrottesley (5 August 1798, Wrottesley Hall in Staffordshire – 27 October 1867, Wrottesley)
William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse photo.jpg
William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse
William Spottiswoode.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: unknown, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Paul Nurse portrait.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Not specified in the submission, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Sir Paul Maxime Nurse, PRS (born 25 January 1949) is a British biochemist and Nobel laureate.
John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg

John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (died 1723), given to the National Portrait Gallery, London in 1945. See source website for additional information.

This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin nobel.jpg
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Aaron Klug 1979.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Bogaerts, Rob / Anefo, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0 nl
Aaron Klug receives the H.P. Heineken prize from Prince Claus
T.H.Huxley(Woodburytype).jpg
توماس هنري هكسلي
Sir Edward Sabine by Stephen Pearce.jpg

Sir Edward Sabine, by Stephen Pearce (died 1904). See source website for additional information.

This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.
Henry Dale nobel.jpg
Henry Hallett Dale, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
Samuel Pepys.jpg
Samuel Pepys auf dem Gemälde von John Hayls von 1666
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-08.jpg
© Prolineserver 2010, Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0)
Nobel Prize 2009, press conference with the laureates at the KVA: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan.
Frederick Gowland Hopkins nobel.jpg
Frederick Gowland Hopkins (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947)
BobMayHarvard.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: NBeale, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Bob May giving a public lecture at Harvard
Arms of the Royal Society.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Fry1989, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of the Royal Society - Argent, a canton of England
Knight of the Order of the Thistle.jpg
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex wearing the robes of a Knight of the Order of the Thistle
Robert Robinson organic chemist.jpg
Robert Robinson (13 September 1886 – 8 February, 1975)
Davy Humphry desk color Howard.jpg
Detail from a painting of Humphry Davy, the noted scientist
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Nobel.jpg
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (June 19, 1897 – October 9, 1967)
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.jpg
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1860s
Davies-gilbert.jpg
Portrait of Davies Giddy (Later Gilbert) a member of the Davies-Gilbert family.
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Bt 1856.jpg
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet
Ernest Rutherford LOC.jpg
New Zealand chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
Howard Walter Florey 1945.jpg
Sir Howard Walter Florey, Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945
Andrew Fielding Huxley nobel.jpg
Andrew Fielding Huxley, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke by John Greenhill.jpg

Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke, by John Greenhill (died 1676). See source website for additional information.

This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official death date listed by the NPG.
Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg
This set of images was gathered by User:Dcoetzee from the National Portrait Gallery, London website using a special tool. All images in this batch have been confirmed as author died before 1939 according to the official date listed by the NPG.
John William Strutt.jpg
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron of Rayleigh, British physicist.
SirRobertSouthwell.jpg
Picture of Sir Robert Southwell. Born in Kinsale in Co. Cork
Adrian-smith1.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Licens: OGL v1.0
Adrian Smith was appointed Director General, Knowledge and Innovation in December 2010
Sir Archibald Geikie.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sir Archibald Geikie, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Photograph of Sir Archibald Geikie sourced from the frontispiece of his book
Wh-bragg.jpg
William Bragg
John Hoskins PRS.jpg
Portrait of Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English lawyer and President of the Royal Society.
Joseph Lister 1902.jpg
The surgeon Joseph Lister in 1902.
George Porter Nobel.jpg
George Hornidge Porter (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002)
Michael Francis Atiyah.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Gert-Martin Greuel, Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0 de
Michael Francis Atiyah
James West 1703-1772.jpg
James West, 18th cent. British politician and antiquary.
Ggstokes.jpg
Sir George Gabriel Stokes (13 August 1819–1 February 1903)