Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906
Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906 | |
 Mange brande brød ud efter jordskælvet. Her i Mission Street | |
| Dato | 18 april 1906 |
|---|---|
| Tid | 05:12 lokal tid |
| Varighed | 80 sekunder |
| Dybde | 8 km |
| Epicenter | 3 km V for San Francisco 37°45′0″N 122°33′0″V / 37.75000°N 122.55000°V |
| Lande og områder berørt |  USASan Francisco Bugt området |
| Maks. intensitet | 7,8 Mw |
| Døde | 3.000 + |
Jordskælvet i San Francisco 1906 var et større jordskælv som ramte San Francisco, Californien og kysten af det nordlige Californien klokken 5:12 onsdag den 18. april 1906.[1] Det mest alment accepterede estimat for størrelsen af jordskælvet er 7,8 Mw, men andre tal er foreslået, fra 7,7 og helt op til 8,25.[2]
Epicenteret for hovedskælvet lå omkring 3 kilometer uden for kysten. Det bevægede sig langs San Andreas-forkastningen, både mod nord og mod syd i en samlet længde af 477 km.[3] Rystelserne kunne mærkes fra Oregon til Los Angeles, og inde i landet så langt væk som til det centrale Nevada.
Jordskælvet og de følgende brande huskes som en af de værste naturkatastrofer i De Forenede Staters historie. Dødstallet for jordskælvet og de efterfølgende brande antages at være over 3.000[4] og repræsenterer det største tab af menneskeliv i Californiens historie.
Det økonomiske tab er blevet sammenlignet med den senere Katrina-orkankatastrofe.[5]
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Se også
- Loma Prieta-jordskælvet (1989)
Referencer
- ^ USGS – The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
- ^ 1906 Earthquake: What was the magnitude? Arkiveret 26. september 2006 hos Wayback MachineUSGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California, Accessed September 3, 2006
- ^ 1906 Earthquake: How long was the 1906 Crack? Arkiveret 6. oktober 2008 hos Wayback MachineUSGS Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California, Accessed September 3, 2006
- ^ Timeline of the San Francisco Earthquake April 18 – 23, 1906 Arkiveret 3. marts 2016 hos Wayback Machine, The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
- ^ John A. Kilpatrick and Sofia Dermisi, Aftermath of Katrina: Recommendations for Real Estate Research, Journal of Real Estate Literature, Spring, 2007
Henvisninger
- Double Cone Quarterly, Fall Equinox, volume VII, Number 3 (2004).
- Eastwood, Alice, The Coniferae of the Santa Lucia Mountains.
- Lawson, Andrew C., The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission, Carnegie Institution of Washington, available online at this USGS webpage.
- Morris, Charles. The San Francisco Calamity by Earthquake and fire. World Bible House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1906.
- Reid, H. F., The Mechanics of the Earthquake, Vol. 2 in The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the State Investigation Commission, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1910.
- Winchester, Simon, A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906. HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 2005.
Eksterne henvisninger
- The 1906 Earthquake and Fire from the National Archives
- San Francisco's 1906 Quake: What If It Struck Today? nationalgeographic.com, April 13, 2006
- A geologic tour of the San Francisco earthquake, 100 years later from American Geological Institute
- San Francisco Earthquake Arkiveret 22. juli 2012 hos Wayback Machine Flash website with information for students.
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire from the Museum of the City of San Francisco website
- Looking Back at the Public's Health Arkiveret 11. oktober 2007 hos Wayback Machine, from the San Francisco Department of Public Health's website
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire Arkiveret 14. april 2008 hos Wayback Machine Browse images from the San Francisco Public Library's Historical Photograph Collection
- The San Francisco Chronicle's special report on the earthquake. Arkiveret 17. april 2008 hos Wayback Machine
- The Great 1906 Earthquake and Fire Arkiveret 27. august 2011 hos Wayback Machine from the Bancroft Library, includes interactive maps and panoramas.
- 1906 San Francisco Quake Arkiveret 3. februar 2006 hos Wayback Machine and Intensity Maps for that earthquake, from the U.S. Geological Survey site
- Several videos of the aftermath, from the Internet Archive website
- San Francisco in Ruins Arkiveret 7. februar 2006 hos Wayback Machine, Aerial Photographs of George R. Lawrence, reprinted from Landscape, Vol. 30, No. 2
- The San Francisco Horror, a book published weeks after the event
- JB Monaco Photography, Images of the 1906 SF Earthquake from the well-known North Beach photographer
- Edith Irvine Collection: Photographs of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
- Collection of 1906 Earthquake photography Arkiveret 14. oktober 2007 hos Wayback Machine
- USGS 1906 Ground Motion Simulations
- Simulation of Mercalli Scale ground motion presented as a 75 second animation (Low-Res Quicktime)
- Simulation of Mercalli Scale ground motion presented as a 75 second animation (High-Res Quicktime)
- The San Francisco earthquake in Leslie's Weekly
- Report on the destruction of the Mark Hopkins institute of art in the earthquake Arkiveret 30. august 2006 hos Wayback Machine
- Herbert Hamrol, 104, one of the last survivors of 1906 earthquake
- What happened to the Chinese and Chinatown in the 1906 earthquake, by Ralph Henn Arkiveret 22. januar 2009 hos Wayback Machine
- Bancroft Library, Collection of Photographs and Newspaper Documents showing the destruction of Santa Rosa in the earthquake.
- SMU's Sulphur Springs Collection of Pre-Nickelodeon Films contains nine Pre-Nickelodeon movies, including seven Edison films depicting the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Koordinater: 37°45′N 122°33′V / 37.75°N 122.55°V
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Sfearthquake3b.jpg
San Francisco Mission District burning in the aftermath of the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906.
San Francisco Mission District burning in the aftermath of the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906.
San Francisco in ruin edit2.jpg
San Francisco lies in ruins on May 28, 1906, about six weeks after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. It was taken from a camera suspended on a kite, perhaps 1,000 feet above the city. It is one of the most well-known photographs of George R. Lawrence (see biography for more information about the technique used). The tower of the Ferry Building can be seen at the bay end of Market Street, which can be clearly seen all the way to the foothills of Twin Peaks. The water in the foreground is San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate to the right, rear. Note the absence of the Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, which had yet to be constructed. Source information can be found on the description page of the original image. This is a version edited for the Featured Picture Candidates page.
San Francisco lies in ruins on May 28, 1906, about six weeks after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. It was taken from a camera suspended on a kite, perhaps 1,000 feet above the city. It is one of the most well-known photographs of George R. Lawrence (see biography for more information about the technique used). The tower of the Ferry Building can be seen at the bay end of Market Street, which can be clearly seen all the way to the foothills of Twin Peaks. The water in the foreground is San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate to the right, rear. Note the absence of the Golden Gate Bridge and the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, which had yet to be constructed. Source information can be found on the description page of the original image. This is a version edited for the Featured Picture Candidates page.
Sfearthquake2.jpg
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906: Stockton Street from Union Square, looking toward Market Street
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906: Stockton Street from Union Square, looking toward Market Street
Sfbay srt 1906108.jpg
This image shows the topography of the region using data from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Low elevations are green, with yellow, pink, and white representing progressively higher elevations. Major geologic faults are marked with white lines. The San Andreas Fault runs in a northwest-southeast line along the coast. The numbers on the fault line indicate how far the ground surface slipped at that location as a result of the 1906 earthquake.
This image shows the topography of the region using data from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Low elevations are green, with yellow, pink, and white representing progressively higher elevations. Major geologic faults are marked with white lines. The San Andreas Fault runs in a northwest-southeast line along the coast. The numbers on the fault line indicate how far the ground surface slipped at that location as a result of the 1906 earthquake.
Bullseye1.png
Forfatter/Opretter: Mikenorton, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Bull's eye graphic for use with earthquake location maps
Forfatter/Opretter: Mikenorton, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Bull's eye graphic for use with earthquake location maps
Relief map of California.png
Forfatter/Opretter: Nzeemin, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Relief map of California, USA.
Forfatter/Opretter: Nzeemin, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Relief map of California, USA.