Indianaterritoriet
Indianaterritoriet | |||||||||||||
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1800–1816 | |||||||||||||
Flag | |||||||||||||
Indianaterritoriet med markering af territorier, som senere blev udskilt fra territoriet. | |||||||||||||
Hovedstad | Vincennes (1800–1813) Corydon (1813–1816) | ||||||||||||
Regeringsform | Organiseret territorium | ||||||||||||
Guvernør | |||||||||||||
• 1800–1812 | William H. Harrison | ||||||||||||
• 1812–1813 | John Gibson (fungerende) | ||||||||||||
• 1813–1816 | Thomas Posey | ||||||||||||
Historie | |||||||||||||
• Indiana Organic Act vedtaget | d. 7 maj 1800 | ||||||||||||
• Indiana Organic Act træder i kraft | d. 4. juli 1800 | ||||||||||||
• Michiganterritoriet dannes | d. 30. juni 1805 | ||||||||||||
• Illinoisterritoriet dannes | d. 1. marts 1809 | ||||||||||||
• Indiana optages som delstat | d. 11 december 1816 | ||||||||||||
Befolkning | |||||||||||||
• Anslået 1800 | 5.641[a] | ||||||||||||
• Anslået 1810 | 24.520[1][2][3] | ||||||||||||
• Anslået 1816 | 63.897[4] | ||||||||||||
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Indianaterritoriet (engelsk: Territory of Indiana) blev skabt ved en lov, som præsident John Adams underskrev den 7. maj 1800,[5] for at danne et organiseret inkorporeret territorium i USA. Territoriet eksisterede fra den 4. juli 1800 til den 11. december 1816, hvorefter den resterende del af territoriet blev optaget i USA som delstaten Indiana.[6] Oprindeligt – ved territoriet tilblivelse i 1800 – udgjorde territoriet ca. 672.940 km2 land, men dets størrelse blev dog løbende reduceret i takt med, at det blev opdelt i flere andre territorier. Således blev Michiganterritoriet (1805) og Illinoisterritoriet (1809) dannet udfra landområder fra det oprindelige Indianaterritorie. Indianaterritoriet var det første nye territorium, som blev skabt udfra lande fra det tidligereNordvestterritorie, som var blevet organiseret i henhold til bestemmelserne i Nordvestbekendtgørelsen fra 1787. Den territoriale hovedstad var oprindeligt bebyggelsen omkring det gamle franske fort Vincennes ved Wabash-floden, indtil Corydon nær Ohio-floden blev gjort til territoriets hovedstad i 1813.
William Henry Harrison – territoriets første guvernør – overvågede traktatforhandlinger med de indfødte indbyggere, som afstod stammeområder til den amerikanske regering. Dette åbnede store dele af territoriet for yderligere bosættelse. I 1809 dannede den amerikanske kongres et tokammer lovgivende organ for territoriet, der omfattede et folkevalgt Repræsentanternes Hus og et lovgivende råd. Derudover begyndte den territoriale regering at planlægge opbyggelsen af et grundlæggende infrastuktursnetværk og uddannelsessystem. Territoriets bestræbelserne på at blive optaget som en delstat i USA blev dog forsinket på grund af krig. I forbindelse med udbruddet af Tecumsehs krig dannede territoriet ramme – og var generelt del af frontlinjen – for flere salg. Heriblandt ledede Harrison en militærstyrke i de indledende kamp ved slaget ved Tippecanoe (1811). Ligeledes ledte han militærstyrker i forbindelse med invasion af Canada under den britisk-amerikanske krig i 1812. Efter at Harrison trådte tilbage som territoriets guvernør, blev Thomas Posey udnævnt til guvernør, omend oppositionspartiet – ledet af kongresmedlem Jonathan Jennings – dominerede indianaterritoriet politiske anliggender i territoriets sidste år.
I juni 1816 blev der afholdt et forfatningskonvent i Corydon, hvor en delstatsforfatning blev vedtaget den 29. juni 1816. Folkevalg blev afholdt i august for at besætte embeder for den nye delstatsregering, de nye embedsmænd blev svoret ind i november, og indianaterritoriet blev opløst. Den 11. december 1816 underskrev præsident James Madison en kongreslov, der formelt optog Indiana som den nittende delstat i USA.
Noter
Referencer
- ^ a b Forstall, Richard L. (red.). Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990 (PDF) (Rapport). United States Census Bureau. s. 47-49. Hentet 18. maj 2020.
- ^ a b Forstall, Richard L. (red.). Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990 (PDF) (Rapport). United States Census Bureau. s. 51-53. Hentet 18. maj 2020.
- ^ a b Forstall, Richard L. (red.). Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990 (PDF) (Rapport). United States Census Bureau. s. 81-83. Hentet 18. maj 2020.
- ^ William S. Haymond (1879). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana. S. L. Marrow and Company. s. 181.
- ^ Sixth Congress of United States (1845). Peters, Richard (red.). "The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, Acts of the Sixth Congress of the United States, 1800, May 7, Statute I, Chap XLI" (PDF). Library of Congress. Charles C. Little & James Brown. s. 58. Hentet 3. maj 2023.
- ^ "Indiana". World Statesmen. Hentet 20. juli 2015.
Yderligere læsning
- Barnhart, John D., and Dorothy L. Riker (1971). Indiana to 1816: The Colonial Period. The History of Indiana. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society. OCLC 154955.
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: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link) - "Indiana Territory". The Indiana Historian.
- Bigham, Darrel, red. (2001). Indiana Territory, 1800-2000: A Bicentennial Perspective. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 9780871951557.
- Boomhower, Ray E. (2000). Destination Indiana: Travels Through Hoosier History. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0871951479.
- Buley, R. Carlyle (1950). The Old Northwest: Pioneer Period, 1815-1840. Vol. I and II. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.
- "Indiana Territorial Expenditures, 1800–1816". Indiana Magazine of History.
- Cleaves, Freeman (1939). Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time. New York: Scribner's.
- "Congressional Record". 1st U.S. Congress. 7. august 1789. s. 50-51. Arkiveret fra originalen 25. januar 2021. Hentet 30. september 2008.
- "Congressional Record". 8th U.S. Congress. 3. marts 1805. s. 331. Arkiveret fra originalen 21. marts 2021. Hentet 10. oktober 2008.
- Cutler, Jervis, and Charles Le Raye (1971). A Topographical Description of the State of Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana. Arnot Press. ISBN 978-0-405-02839-7.
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: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link) (Reprint of 1812 edition.) - Dowd, Gregory Evans (1992). A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4236-0.
- Dunn Jr., Jacob Piatt (1919). Indiana and Indianans. Vol. I. Chicago and New York: The American Historical Society.
- Engleman, Fred L. "The Peace of Christmas Eve". American Heritage.com. Arkiveret fra originalen 2. november 2007. Hentet 2008-05-21.
- Esarey, Logan (1915). A History of Indiana. W. K. Stewart Company.
- Funk, Arville L. (1983). A Sketchbook of Indiana History. Rochester, Indiana: Christian Book Press.
- Gresham, Matilda (1919). Life of Walter Quintin Gresham, 1832-1895. Rand McNally and company.
- Gugin, Linda C., and James E. St. Clair, eds. (2006). The Governors of Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press and the Indiana Historical Bureau. ISBN 0-87195-196-7.
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har et generisk navn (hjælp)CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link) - Haymond, William S. (1879). An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana. S. L. Marrow and Company.
- "Indiana". World Statesmen. Hentet 20. juli 2015.
- "Indiana History Part 2". Northern Indiana Center for History. Arkiveret fra originalen 12. maj 2008. Hentet 9. oktober 2008.
- "Indiana History Part 3". Indiana Center For History. Arkiveret fra originalen 11. maj 2008. Hentet 17. maj 2008.
- "Indiana Territory Boundary Line". Indiana Historical Bureau. Hentet 24. juli 2018.
- "Indiana Territory Festival". Harrison County Tourism Board. Arkiveret fra originalen 17. oktober 2008. Hentet 1. oktober 2008.
- Jackson, Isaac Rand (1840). A Sketch of the Life and Public Services of William Henry Harrison. Columbus, Ohio: I. N. Whiting.
- "Jennings, Jonathan, (1784 - 1834)". Biographical Directory of Congress. U.S. Congress. Hentet 20. juli 2018.
- Kappler, Charles J., ed. (3. november 1804). Treaty with the Sauk and Foxes, 1804. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. Arkiveret fra originalen 12. oktober 2008. Hentet 30. september 2008.
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har et generisk navn (hjælp)CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link) 7 Stat., 84. Ratified January 25, 1805, proclaimed February 21, 1805. - Langguth, A. J. (2006). Union 1812: The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-2618-6.
- Law, Judge (1858). The Colonial History of Vincennes. Harvey, Mason and Company. (Reproduced 2006)
- Madison, James H. (2014). Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01308-8.
- Madison, James H., and Lee Ann Sandweiss (2014). Hoosiers and the American Story. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87195-363-6.
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: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (link) - Mills, Randy K. Mills (2005). Jonathan Jennings: Indiana's First Governor. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87195-182-3.
- Papers of the Wayne County, Indiana, Historical Society. Vol. 1. 1903. s. 3-11. Hentet 23. juli 2018.
- "Parke, Benjamin". Federal Judicial Center. Hentet 20. juli 2018.
- "Parke, Benjamin, (1777 – 1835)". Biographical Directory of Congress. U.S. Congress. Hentet 20. juli 2018.
- Taylor Jr., Robert M.; Erroll Wayne Stevens (1989). Indiana: A New Historical Guide. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0871950499.
- "Thomas, Jess Burgess, (1777 - 1853)". Biographical Directory of Congress. United States Congress. Hentet 20. juli 2018.
- Woodfill, Roger. "Greenville and Grouseland Treaty Lines". Backsights. Surveyors Historical Society. Hentet 22. juni 2018.
- Woollen, William Wesley (1975). Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana. Ayer Publishing. ISBN 0-405-06896-4.
Eksterne links
- Act Creating Indiana Territory, 1800, tekst, Indiana Historical Bureary, Indianapolis
- Act Dividing the Indiana Territory, 1805, tekst, Indiana Historical Bureau
- Act Dividing the Indiana Territory, 1809, tekst, Indiana Historical Bureau
- Proclamation: Announcing that Indiana Territory Had Passed to the Second Grade, text, Indiana Historical Bureau
- Other acts concerning the Indiana Territory
Medier brugt på denne side
Digital reproduction of the Star Spangled Banner Flag, the 15-star and 15-stripe U.S. garrison flag which flew over Fort McHenry following the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Seeing the flag during the battle, and again the following morning, inspired Francis Scott Key's song The Star-Spangled Banner, now the U.S. national anthem. During the battle a smaller "storm flag" was flown; it was replaced by this larger flag early the next morning, which is the flag Key saw then. This larger flag is now displayed at the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. For several decades it remained in the family of Fort McHenry's commanding officer, before being given to the Smithsonian in 1912. The family cut pieces out of the flag from time to time as gifts.
The original flag was 42 feet long and 30 feet high, with each stripe being about two feet, and the stars being about two feet in diameter. It was made by Mary Young Pickersgill and her assistants. More info on the original dimensions here. The stars seem to mostly point to the side, except for one (the bottom right) which points down. One star has been cut out of the actual flag, so I'm guessing that originally pointed to the side as well (Fort McHenry flies a flag (File:Ft mchenry 15starflag.jpg) with a similar star pattern, but it looks like they are all to the side, and the other dimensions look similar to a modern flag). I guesstimated other dimensions and star positions based on File:Star-Spangled-Banner-1908-1919.jpg; the union (blue area) looks to be about 19 feet wide. The star rows look to be evenly distributed; i.e. the distance between the top/bottom edges and the center of a star row looks to be about the same as the distance between two (centers of) rows. Not so left-to-right; they are pretty close to the right edge and even closer to the hoist side. Also available here, page 12.