Hagebøsse

Schweizisk soldat fra slutningen af 1300-tallet der affyrer en hagebøsse med sortkrudt og ladestok. Illustration fra 1874.

En hagebøsse også kendt som en håndkanon er den første rigtige type skydevåben, og efterfølgeren til ildlansen.[1] Det er den ældste type små skydevåben samt den mekanisk mest simple type, idet den i den simpleste form består af et metalløb. Til forskel fra skydevåben med luntelås kræver den direkte manuel antænding af krudtet i fænghullet, og har ikke nogen form for affyringsmekanisme. Det kan betragtes som en forløber for håndvåben og geværer. Hagebøssen var vidt udbredt i Kina fra 1200-tallet og fremefter, og fra slutningen af 1300-tallet i Europa, hvor den blev brugt frem til 1560'erne, hvor de blev suppleret med arkebuser, der var den først type skydevåben med luntelås og aftrækker.[2]

De allertidligste hagebøsser var små kanoner der blev holdt i armene eller på et lille stativ. De udviklede sig til at blive sat på et skaft, så de kunne holdes med den ene hånd mens den anden hånd holdt luntestokken.

Den ældste bevarede hagebøsse fra Danmark er vedelspangbøssen fra omkring år 1400, og den blev fundet i 1859 på voldstedet Vedelspang ved østenden af Langsøen i Sydslesvig.[3]

Galleri

Se også

Referencer

Litteratur

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Eksterne henvisninger

Medier brugt på denne side

Ming tiller gun 1505.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Flickr user Gary Todd, Licens: CC0
A Ming hand cannon from 1505.
Lgehumble 1400.jpg
Hand cannon lighted by a hot iron rod being fired from a stand, manuscript by Konrad Kyeser: Bellifortis. Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2° Cod. Ms. philos. 63 Cim. 1402-1404
Gum of Mantua (1322).jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: FabioRomanoni, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Bronze gun made in Mantua in 1322 and now lost. Image taken from: A. Angelucci, Documenti inediti per la storia delle armi da fuoco italiane, I, Turin, 1869.
HandBombardWesternEurope1390-1400.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: PHGCOM, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Hand BomQuelle self-made, photographed at the Musee de l'Armee, Paris bbbbbvbard Western Europe, 1390-1400
Gun Sweden Morko.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: unknown, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
The so calleded Mörkö handgonne, from Sweden. A medieval hand cannon of casted bronze. Calibre 21 mm. Found by a fisherman in the Baltic Sea at the coast of Södermansland near Nynäs before 1828. Decorated with a fully plastic bearded mans head above the touch hole and a religous inscription in gothic minuscle MARIA several times.
10 shot hand cannon (handgonne).jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Samuraiantiqueworld, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
10 shot hand cannon (handgonne), unknown age and origin.
Hagebøsse.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Toxophilus, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Hagebøsse (tidligt gevær) affyres på Middelaldercentret ved Nykøbing Falster
Dictionnaire raisonné du mobilier français de l’époque carlovingienne à la Renaissance, tome 6 - 357.png
Dictionnaire raisonné du mobilier français de l'époque carlovingienne à la Renaissance - illustration Tome 6
HandBombardWesternEurope1380.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: PHGCOM, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Hand Bombard Western Europe 1380
Yuan chinese gun.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: Ytrottier, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
old Chinese Hand Cannon on display at the Shaanxi history museum in Xi'An, China. The placard reads "Bronze firearm, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368 ACE)". Photo taken by Yannick Trottier, 2007.
Tannenbergbüchse.jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: unknown, Licens: Copyrighted free use
The so called Tannenberg handgonne (German: Tannenbergbüchse). Casted bronze. Calibre 15-16 mm. A medieval hand cannon found in the water well of the 1399 destroyed Tannenberg castle. The Tannenberg handgonne is the oldest survived firearm from Germany.