Gletsjere på Island
Satellitbillede af Island
Eyjafjallajökull
Gletsjere på Island dækker omkring 11% af landarealet på øen og har haft stor indvirkning på landskabet i landet.
Mange islandske gletsjere ligger over vulkanerne, således Grímsvötn og Bárðarbunga, som ligger under den største gletsjer, Vatnajökull. Grímsvötns kaldera er 100 km2 stor og Bárðarbungas er 60 km2. Når der indtræder vulkansk aktivitet under en gletsjer, kan dette føre til smeltning af store mængder is og endvidere til, at smeltevandet hurtigt strømmer ud fra gletsjeren i en oversvømmelsesbølge, på islandsk kaldet jökulhlaup.
De største gletsjere på Island
| Gletsjer | Areal | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vatnajökull | 8100 km2 |
| 2 | Langjökull | 953 km2 |
| 3 | Hofsjökull | 925 km2 |
| 4 | Mýrdalsjökull | 596 km2 |
| 5 | Drangajökull | 160 km2 |
| 6 | Eyjafjallajökull | 78 km2 |
| 7 | Tungnafellsjökull | 48 km2 |
| 8 | Þórisjökull | 32 km2 |
| 9 | Eiríksjökull | 22 km2 |
| 10 | Þrándarjökull | 22 km2 |
| 11 | Tindfjallajökull | 19 km2 |
| 12 | Torfajökull | 15 km2 |
| 13 | Snæfellsjökull | 11 km2 |
Eksterne henvisninger
- National landmåling på Island Arkiveret 3. november 2004 hos hos National and University Library of Iceland
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Medier brugt på denne side
Satellite image of Iceland in September.jpeg
Summer is winding to a close on September 9, 2002, but even Iceland is still showing some summer color, its perimeter tinged with green, while its large permanent ice caps stand out brightly against the volcanic rock surrounding them. The largest ice cap, Vatnajokull, actually rests on top of three active volcanoes. The heat from these volcanoes causes the underside of the ice cap to melt, slowly filling the calderas. Eventually the caldera spills over and releases a torrent of water known as a glacial melt flood. This volcanic activity happens because a tectonic boundary runs roughly northeast-southwest through the island country, and the two plates are pulling away from each other, causing magma to well up from deep in the Earth. By mid-October, the northern part of the island is snow covered, and by late October, the entire island is wearing its wintry blanket. The brightly colored lakes and coastal waters are the result of very fine, and highly reflective sediment that is ground to bits by the immense weight of the glaciers and washed out with glacial runoff. These images were captured by the Terra and Aqua satellites.
Summer is winding to a close on September 9, 2002, but even Iceland is still showing some summer color, its perimeter tinged with green, while its large permanent ice caps stand out brightly against the volcanic rock surrounding them. The largest ice cap, Vatnajokull, actually rests on top of three active volcanoes. The heat from these volcanoes causes the underside of the ice cap to melt, slowly filling the calderas. Eventually the caldera spills over and releases a torrent of water known as a glacial melt flood. This volcanic activity happens because a tectonic boundary runs roughly northeast-southwest through the island country, and the two plates are pulling away from each other, causing magma to well up from deep in the Earth. By mid-October, the northern part of the island is snow covered, and by late October, the entire island is wearing its wintry blanket. The brightly colored lakes and coastal waters are the result of very fine, and highly reflective sediment that is ground to bits by the immense weight of the glaciers and washed out with glacial runoff. These images were captured by the Terra and Aqua satellites.
Eyjafjallajökull.jpeg
Forfatter/Opretter: Andreas Tille, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Gígjökull, an outlet glacier extending from Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. Lónið is the lake visible in the foreground.
Forfatter/Opretter: Andreas Tille, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Gígjökull, an outlet glacier extending from Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. Lónið is the lake visible in the foreground.