Fønikiske alfabet

Oversigt over det fønikiske alfabet.

Det fønikiske alfabet stammer fra omkring 1000 f.Kr. og blev afledt af et ægyptisk alfabet fra omkring 1800 f.Kr..

Mange moderne alfabeter antages at være afledt af det fønikiske alfabet, f.eks.: hebraisk, arabisk, græsk og latin. (Det sidste via det gamle italiske alfabet).

Ligesom proto-sinaitisk, arabisk og hebraisk er det fønikiske alfabet et konsonantalfabet og indeholder ingen symboler for vokallyde. Vokallydene afledes af konsonantkonteksten.

Fønikiske inskriptioner er blevet fundet i mange arkæologiske udgravninger i tidligere fønikiske byer og kolonier omkring Middelhavet, såsom Byblos (i det nutidige Libanon) og Kartago (i det nutidige Tunesien).

Alfabetet

BogstavNavnBetydningTransliterationTilsvarende bogstav i
HebraiskArabiskGræskLatin
AlephʾālephokseʾאΑ, αA, a
BethbēthhusbבΒ, βB, b
GimelgīmelkamelgגΓ, γC, c / G, g
DalethdālethdørdדΔ, δD, d
HevinduehהΕ, εE, e
Wawwāwkrogwו(Ϝ, ϝ) / Υ, υF, f / U, u
ZayinzayinvåbenzזΖ, ζZ, z
HethḥēthhegnחΗ, ηH, h
ṭēthhjulטΘ, θ
YodhyōdharmyיΙ, ιI, i / J, j
KaphkaphhåndkכΚ, κK, k
LamedhlāmedhpigkæplלΛ, λL, l
MemmēmvandmמΜ, μM, m
Nunnunslange (eller fisk)nנΝ, νN, n
SamekhsāmekhfisksסΞ, ξ
AyinʿayinøjeʿעΟ, οO, o
PemundpפΠ, πP, p
Sadeṣādēpapyrus-planteצ(Ϻ, ϻ)
Qophqōphabeqק(Ϙ, ϙ)Q, q
ResrēšhovedrרΡ, ρR, r
SinšintandšשΣ, σS, s
TawtāwmærketתΤ, τT, t

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Phoenician zayin.svg
Phoenician letter zayn, the 7th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤆 (U+10906) (basic style).
Phoenician taw.svg
Phoenician letter tāw, the 22nd letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤕 (U+10915) (basic style).
Phoenician nun.svg
Phoenician letter nūn, the 14th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤍 (U+1090D) (basic style).
Phoenician teth.svg
Phoenician letter ṭēt, the 9th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤈 (U+10908) (basic style).
Phoenician heth.svg
Phoenician letter ḥēt, the 8th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤇 (U+10907) (basic style).
Phoenician beth.svg
Phoenician letter bēt, the 2nd letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤁 (U+10901) (basic style).
Phoenician samekh.svg
Phoenician letter sāmek, the 15th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤎 (U+1090E) (basic style).
Phoenician kaph.svg
Phoenician letter kāp, the 11th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤊 (U+1090A) (basic style).
Phoenician sade.svg
Phoenician letter ṣādē, the 18th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤑 (U+10911) (basic style).
Phoenician mem.svg
Phoenician letter mēm, the 13th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤌 (U+1090C) (basic style).
Phoenician alphabet.svg
The Phoenician alphabet. Note that ’ and ‘ were originally full consonants in the Phoenician language (glottal stop ʔ and voiced pharyngeal ʕ respectively). Several of the letters were ambiguous (i.e. denoted more than one consonant phoneme) when the Phoenician alphabet was borrowed to write Old Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew, but there is no clear evidence of this for the Phoenician language itself.
Phoenician qoph.svg
Phoenician letter qōp, the 19th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤒 (U+10912) (basic style).
Phoenician res.svg
Phoenician letter rēš, the 20th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤓 (U+10913) (basic style).
Phoenician gimel.svg
Phoenician letter gīml, the 3rd letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤂 (U+10902) (basic style).
Phoenician ayin.svg
Phoenician letter ʿayin, the 16th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤏 (U+1090F) (basic style).
Phoenician sin.svg
Phoenician letter šīn, the 21st letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤔 (U+10914) (basic style).
Phoenician waw.svg
Phoenician letter wāw, the 6th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤅 (U+10905) (basic style).
Phoenician lamedh.svg
Phoenician letter lāmd, the 12th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤋 (U+1090B) (basic style).
Phoenician daleth.svg
Phoenician letter dālt, the 4th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤃 (U+10903) (basic style).
Phoenician yodh.svg
Phoenician letter yōd, the 10th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤉 (U+10909) (basic style).
Phoenician aleph.svg
Phoenician letter ʾālep, the 1st letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤀 (U+10900) (basic style).
Phoenician he.svg
Phoenician letter , the 5th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤄 (U+10904) (basic style).
Phoenician pe.svg
Phoenician letter , the 17th letter of the Phoenician alphabet: 𐤐 (U+10910) (basic style).