Englands dronninger og prinsgemaler
De engelske dronninger og prinsgemaler var ægtefæller til de regerende monarker i Kongeriget England, der ikke selv regerede England: ægtefæller til nogle engelske monarker, der selv var engelske monarker, er ikke opført, det omfatter Maria 1. og Filip, der regerede sammen i 1500-tallet og Vilhelm 3. og Maria 2., der regerede sammen i 1600-tallet.
Der var fleste dronninger, og de nød titler og hæder, der vedrører en ikke-regerende; nogle få var mænd, hvis titler ikke var ensartede, afhængigt af omstændighederne i deres ægtefælles regeringstid. Kongeriget England fusionerede med Kongeriget Skotland i 1707 og dannede Kongeriget Storbritannien. Der har således ikke været nogen dronning eller prinsgemal i England siden denne dato.
Huset Wessex, 927–1013
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ælfgifu af Shaftesbury | – | – | 939 | – | 944 | Shaftesbury Abbey | Edmund 1. | |||
Æthelflæd af Damerham | Ælfgar Dye (far) | – | 944 | – | 26. maj 946 | mellem 962 (975) og 991 | ||||
Ælfgifu | Æthelgifu (mor) | – | 955 | – | 958 ægteskab opløst | september 959 | Winchester Cathedral | Edwy | ||
Ælfthryth | Ordgar, Ealdorman af Devon | 964/965 | 11. maj 973 | 8. juli 975 | 17. november 999–1001 | Edgar den Fredelige | ||||
Ælfgifu af York | Thored | – | 980'erne | – | – | ikke senere end 1002 | Ethelred 2. den Rådvilde | |||
Emma af Normandiet | Richard 1., hertug af Normandiet Gunnor | ca. 985 | 1002 | – | 25. december 1013 husbondens afsættelse | 6. marts 1052 | Old Minster, Winchester - knogler nu i Winchester Cathedral |
Jellingdynastiet, 1013–1014
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ikke-samtidigt | Sigrid Storråde (Tvivlsom ægthed) og/eller Świętosława af Polen | 996 | 25. december 1013 | – | 3. februar 1014 | Svend Tveskæg |
Huset Wessex (genindsat, første gang), 1014-1016
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emma af Normandiet (igen) | Richard 1., hertug af Normandiet Gunnor | ca. 985 | 1002 | 3. februar 1014 husbondens genindsættelse | – | 23. april 1016 husbondens død | 6. marts 1052 | Old Minster, Winchester - knogler nu i Winchester Cathedral | Ethelred 2. den Rådvilde | |
Ealdgyth | – | ca. 992 | 1015 | 23. april 1016 | – | 30. november 1016 | Edmund 2. Jernside |
Jellingdynastiet (genindsat), 1016–1042
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emma af Normandiet (igen) | Richard 1, hertug af Normandiet Gunnor | ca. 985 | Juli 1017 | – | 12. november 1035 husbondens død | 6. marts 1052 | Old Minster, Winchester - knogler nu i Winchester Cathedral | Knud den Store |
Huset Wessex (genindsat, anden gang), 1042–1066
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som konsort | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ikke-samtidigt | Edith af Wessex | Godwin, jarl af Wessex Gytha Thorkelsdóttir | 1029 | 1045 | Ikke kronet | 4. januar 1066 husbondens død | 19. december 1075 | Westminster Abbey | Edvard Bekenderen | |
Ealdgyth | Ælfgar, Jarl af Mercia Ælfgifu | Ukendt | Januar 1066 | Ikke kronet | 14. oktober 1066 husbondens død | 1066 | Ukendt | Harald 2. Godwinson |
Huset Normandiet, 1066–1135, & 1141
I 1066 dræbte Hertugen af Normandiet, Wilhelm, Kong Harald 2. af England i Slaget ved Hastings og styrtede den engelske elite. Han etablerede sig som konge, hans kone Matilde som dronning og præmierede sine trofaste vasaller fra kontinentet. Hans dynasti kom dog ikke til at overleve hans børn og uddøde hans yngste søn Henrik 1. i 1135.
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning/ prinsgemal | Kroning | Ophør som dronning/prinsgemal | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ikke-samtidigt | Matilde af Flandern | Balduin 5., greve af Flandern Adela af Frankrig | ca. 1031 | 1053 | 25. december 1066 husbondens tronbestigelse | 11. maj 1068 | 2. november 1083 | Treenighedsklostret, Caen | Vilhelm 1. Erobreren | |
ikke-samtidigt | Matilde af Skotland | Malcolm 3. af Skotland Margrete af Wessex | ca. 1080 | 11. november 1100 | 11 (? ) November 1100 | 1. maj 1118 | Westminster Abbey | Henrik 1. | ||
ikke-samtidigt | Adelheid af Leuven | Godfred 1., greve af Leuven Ida af Chiny | ca. 1103 | 24. januar 1121 | 30. januar 1121 | 1. december 1135 husbondens død | 23. april 1151 | Abbediet i Affligem | ||
Godfred 5. af Anjou | Fulk 5. greve af Anjou Ermengarde af Maine | 24. august 1113 | 1128 | 7. april 1141 hustruens tronbestigelse | - | 1. november 1141 hustruens afsættelse | 7. september 1151 | Le Mans katedral | Matilde |
Huset Blois, 1135–1154
I 1135 bemægtigede Stefan af Blois, søn af Henrik 1.'s søster Adela, sig den engelske trone, idet hans kusinde Matildes arvekrav på tronen blev ignoreret af de normanniske baroner. Hans kone, Matilde af Boulogne, blev hans dronning, men deres ældste søn døde, og Stefan blev tvunget til at udpege Matildes søn til sin efterfølger.
Billede | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ikke-samtidigt | Matilde af Boulogne | Eustace 3., greve af Boulogne Maria af Skotland | ca. 1105 | 1125 | 22. december 1135 husbondens tronbestigelse | 22. marts 1136 | 3. maj 1152 | Faversham Abbey (grav siden forsvundet) | Stefan |
Huset Plantagenet, 1154–1485
Billede | Våbenskjold | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eleonora af Aquitainien | Vilhelm 10, hertug af Aquitainien Aenor de Châtellerault | ca. 1122 | 18. maj 1152 | 19. December 1154 husbondens tronbestigelse | 19. december 1154 | 6. juli 1189 husbondens død | 1. april 1204 | Fontevraudklostret | Henrik 2. | ||
ikke-samtidigt | Margrete af Frankrig | Ludvig 7. af Frankrig Konstance af Kastilien | 1158 | 1162 | 1170 husbondens tronbestigelse | 27. august 1172 | 11 June 1183 husbondens død | 1197 | Katedralen i Tyrus | Henrik den Unge | |
Berengaria af Navarra | Sancho 6. af Navarra Sancha af Kastilien | Mellem 1165 og 1170 | 12. maj 1191 | 6. april 1199 husbondens død | 23. december 1230 | L'Épau KLoster | Richard 1. | ||||
Isabella af Angoulême | Aymar Taillefer, greve af Angoulême Alix af Courtenay | ca. 1186/1188 | 24. august 1200 | 8. oktober 1200 | 18. eller 19. oktober 1216 husbondens død | 31. maj 1246 | Fontevraudklostret | Johan | |||
Eleonora af Provence | Ramon Berenguer 4., greve af Provence Beatrix af Savoyen | ca. 1223 | 14. januar 1236 | 20. januar 1236 | 16 november 1272 husbondens død | 24. juni 1291 | Amesbury Abbey | Henrik 3. | |||
Eleonora af Kastilien | Ferdinand 3. af Kastilien Johanne, grevinde af Ponthieu | 1241 | 1. november 1254 | 20. november 1272 husbondens tronbestigelse | 19. august 1274 | 28. november 1290 | Westminster Abbey | Edvard 1. | |||
Margrete af Frankrig | Filip 3. af Frankrig Marie af Brabant | 1282 | 8. eller 10. september 1299 | Ikke kronet | 7. juli 1307 husbondens død | 14. februar 1317 | Christ Church Greyfriars, London | ||||
Isabella af Frankrig | Filip 4. af Frankrig Johanne 1. af Navarra | Mellem 1288 og 1296 | 25. januar 1308 | 25. februar 1308 | 20. januar 1327 husbondens afsættelse | 22. august 1358 | Christ Church Greyfriars, London | Edvard 2. | |||
ikke-samtidigt | Filippa af Hainault | Vilhelm 1., greve af Hainaut Johanne af Valois | 24. juni 1314 | 24 januar 1328 | 18. februar 1330 | 15. august 1369 | Westminster Abbey | Edvard 3. | |||
ikke-samtidigt | Anna af Bøhmen | Karl 4., tysk-romersk kejser Elizabeth af Pommern | 11. maj 1366 | 20. januar 1382 | 22. januar 1382 | 7. juni 1394 | Westminster Abbey | Richard 2. | |||
Isabella af Valois | Karl 6. af Frankrig Isabella af Bayern | 9. november 1387 | 31. oktober eller 1. november 1396 | 8. january 1397 | 30. september 1399 husbondens afsættelse | 13. September 1409 | St Laumer Klostret - senere Celestinenser klostret i Paris |
Huset Lancaster, 1399–1461, 1470–1471
Billede | Våbenskjold | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Johanne af Navarra | Karl 2. af Navarra | ca. 1370 | 7. februar 1403 | 26. februar 1403 | 20. marts 1413 husbondens død | 10. juni 1437 | Canterbury Cathtedral | Henrik 4. | |||
ikke-samtidigt | Katerina af Valois | Karl 6. af Frankrig | 27. oktober 1401 | 2. juni 1420 | 23. februar 1421 | 31. august 1422 husbondens død | 3. januar 1437 | Westminster Abbey | Henrik 5. | ||
Margrete af Anjou | René af Anjou Isabella, hertuginde af Lorraine | 23. marts 1430 | 23. april 1445 | 30. maj 1445 | 21. maj 1471 husbondens død[1] | 25. august 1482 | Katedralen i Angers | Henrik 6. |
Huset York, 1461–1470, 1471–1485
Billede | Arme | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning | Kroning | Ophør som dronning | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Woodville | Richard Woodville, 1. jarl Rivers Jacquetta af Luxemburg | ca. 1437 | 1. maj 1464[2] | 26. maj 1465 | 9. april 1483 husbondens død | 8. juni 1492 | St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | Edward 4. | |||
Anne Neville | Richard Neville, 16. jarl af Warwick Anne Beauchamp, 16. grevinde af Warwick | 11. juni 1456 | 12. juli 1472 | 26. juni 1483 husbondens tronbestigelse | 6. juli 1483 | 16. marts 1485 | Westminster Abbey | Richard 3. |
Huset Tudor, 1485-1603
Billede | Arme | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning/ prinsgemal | Kroning | Ophør som dronning/prinsgemal | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth af York | Edward 4. af England Elizabeth Woodville | 11. februar 1466 | 18. januar 1486 | 25. november 1487 | 11. februar 1503 | Henrik 7.'s kapel, Westminster Abbey | Henrik 7. | ||||
Katarina af Aragon | Ferdinand 2. af Aragonien Isabella 1. af Kastillien | 16. december 1485 | 11. juni 1509 | 24. juni 1509 | 23. maj 1533 ægteskab annulleret | 7. januar 1536 | Peterborough Cathedral | Henrik 8. | |||
Anne Boleyn | Thomas Boleyn, 1. jarl af Wiltshire Lady Elizabeth Howard | Mellem 1501 og 1507 | 28. maj 1533 | 1. juni 1533 | 17. maj 1536 ægteskab annulleret | 19. maj 1536 henrettet | St. Peter-ad Vincula kirken, Tower of London | ||||
Jane Seymour | Sir John Seymour Margery Wentworth | Mellem 1507 og 1509 | 30. maj 1536 | ukronet proklameret dronning 4. juni 1536 | 24. oktober 1537 | St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | |||||
Anne af Kleve | Johan 3., hertug af Kleve Maria af Jülich-Berg | 22. september 1515 | 6. januar 1540 | ukronet | 9. juli 1540 ægteskab annulleret | 16. juli 1557 | Westminster Abbey | ||||
Catherine Howard | Lord Edmund Howard Joyce Culpeper | Mellem 1520 og 1525 | 28. juli 1540 | ukronet | 23. november 1541 frataget titlen | 13. februar 1542 henrettet | St. Peter-ad Vincula kirken, Tower of London | ||||
Catherine Parr | Sir Thomas Parr Maud Green | 1512 | 12. juli 1543 | ukronet | 28. januar 1547 husbondens død | 5. september 1548 | St. Mary's Chapel, Sudeley Castle | ||||
(c) Heralder, CC BY-SA 3.0 | Filip 2. af Spanien | Karl 5, Tysk-Romersk Kejser Isabella af Portugal | 21. maj 1527 | 25. juli 1554 | ukronet | 17. november 1558 hustruens død | 13. september 1598 | El Escorial | Maria 1. |
Odiskuteret prinsgemal
Da Lady Jane Gray kortvarigt de facto var dronning , er hendes mand inkluderet her. De blev begge henrettet for forræderi.
Billede | Våbenskjold | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev prinsgemal | Kroning | Ophør som prinsgemal | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guildford Dudley | John Dudley, 1. hertug af Northumberland Jane Guildford | ca. 1535 | 15. maj 1553 | 10. juli 1553 hustrus tronbestigelse | ukronet | 19. juli 1553 hustruens afsættelse | 12. februar 1554 | St. Peter-ad Vincula kirken, Tower of London | Jane |
Huset Stuart, 1603-1707
Efter Elizabeth 1.''s død overgik Englands krone til hendes fætter og nærmeste arving, Jakob 6. af Skotland, der blev Jakob 1. af England . Hans dynasti kom til at regere - afbrudt af Interregnummet mellem 1649 og 1660 - indtil 1714. Kongeriget England blev imidlertid fusioneret med Kongeriget Skotland i 1707 for at danne et nyt kongerige, Kongeriget Storbritannien, hvorefter der ophørte med at være monarker og dronninger og prinsgemaler af England.
Billede | Våbenskjold | Navn | Forældre | Født | Ægteskab | Blev dronning/prinsgemal | Kroning | Ophør som dronning/prinsgemal | Død | Hvilested | Ægtefælle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anna af Danmark | Frederik 2. af Danmark Sophie af Mecklenburg-Güstrow | 12. december 1574 | 23. november 1589 | 24. marts 1603 husbondens tronbestigelse | 25. juli 1603 | 4. marts 1619 | Henrik 7.'s kapel, Westminster Abbey | Jakob 1. | |||
Henriette Marie af Frankrig | Henrik 4. af Frankrig Marie af Medici | 25. november 1609 | 11. maj 1625 (ved stedfortræder) 13. juni 1625 | ukronet | 30. januar 1649 husbondens henrettelse | 10. september 1669 | St. Denis-basilikaen | Karl 1. | |||
Katarina af Braganza | Johan 4. af Portugal Luisa af Guzman | 25. november 1638 | 21. maj 1662 | ukronet | 6. februar 1685 husbondens død | 30. november 1705 | Kloster i São Vicente de Fora | Karl 2. | |||
Maria af Modena | Alfons 4. d'Este, hertug af Modena Laura Martinozzi | 5. oktober 1658 | 30. september 1673 (ved fuldmagt) | 6. februar 1685 husbondens tronbestigelse | 23. april 1685 | 11. december 1688 husbondens afsættelse | 7. maj 1718 | Klostret i Chaillot | Jakob 2. | ||
Jørgen af Danmark | Frederik 3. fra Danmark Sophie Amalie af Braunschweig-Lüneburg | 2. april 1653 | 28. juli 1683 | 8. marts 1702 hustruens tronbestigelse | ukronet | 1. maj 1707 Unionsaftalen 1707 | 28. oktober 1708 | Westminster Abbey | Anne |
Fortsættelse af listen (britiske dronninger og prinsgemaler)
Denne liste fortsætter i Storbritanniens dronninger og prinsgemaler.
Se også
Noter
- ^ Henrik 6. blev styrten den 4. marts 1461, genindsat den 3. oktober 1470 og genindsat igen den 11. april 1471. Gennem hele denne periode blev Margrete af Anjou anset af Huset Lancasters støtter som dronning af England de jure
- ^ Edvard 4.'s vielse til Elizabeth Woodville blev ikke offentliggjort før flere måneder senere
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Medier brugt på denne side
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Queen Elizabeth Woodville. The arms of her husband King Edward IV impaling her own, grand quarterly of 6. Text from: David Broomfield BA (Hons), The Heraldry of Queens’ College, Cambridge [1]:
Elizabeth used a coat of arms of six quarters that of her father being relegated to the most junior position. Instead her noble and quasi-royal connections on her mother’s side were given prominence.
- 1:LUXEMBURG: Argent, a lion rampant double queued gules ducally crowned or (Limburg). Jacquetta’s father was a descendant of the Counts and Dukes of Limburg whose arms these are. The cadet branch of Luxemburg placed the red lion on a field of silver and blue bars. With the extinction of the senior line Count Peter’s branch assumed the original Limburg arms. At Queens’ College the lion is sometimes shown with only one tail and sometimes without the crown.
- 2: BAUX: Quarterly of 4:
- 1&4: Gules, a star of eight points argent (should be a star of sixteen points ?)
- 2&3: Azure semy de lis. Jacquetta’s mother was Margaret daughter of Francis of Baux Duke of Andria. The star is usually shown with straight arms, Queens’ sometimes shows it as an estoile (with wavy arms).
- 3: LUSIGNAN/CYPRUS: Barry of eight argent and azure, a lion rampant gules. The claim to the Kingdom of Cyprus is the most tenuous of all the Woodville quarterings. With the extinction of the legitimate line of the Kings of Cyprus the Republic of Venice had a plan to purchase the claims of Charlotte de Lusignan, Queen of Cyprus (1444-1487) (the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina) and Catarina Cornaro, former Queens of Cyprus, and cede them to Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers the brother of Elizabeth. The plan came to nothing when Anthony died. These arms are very similar to those of the Counts of Luxemburg. The key differences being the lion has only one tail and (usually) no crown. The arms of Lusignan were originally Barry argent and gules (de Valence whose arms appear in those of Pembroke was a cadet branch) to this was added a lion rampant. According to Gelre’s Wapenboeck (1334-72) the lion was crowned.
- 4: URSINS / ORSINI: Bendy argent and gules, on a chief argent fimbriated in base or a rose gules barbed and seeded proper. Margaret of Baux (see above) was the daughter of Francis Duke of Andria and Sueva daughter of Nicolo Orsini Count of Nola. The Orsini (Ursins is a corruption of the name) were a powerful Roman family. The arms of Orsini are sometimes shown as gules three bends argent. In addition a green snake sometimes appears on the gold fillet under the rose.
- 5: ST POL: Gules, three pallets vair on a chief or a label of five points azure. Jacquetta’s great grandfather Guy I Count of Ligny married Mahaut de Chatillon daughter and heiress of John Count of St Pol. Guy became Count of St Pol jure uxoris. Marie daughter of Guy IV of Chatillon Count of St Pol d.1317 married Aymer of Valence Earl of Pembroke and founded Pembroke College, Cambridge, she was the aunt of John Count of St Pol. The versions of these arms in Queens’ are many and varied. Guy III of Chatillon was a younger son, his elder brother took the County of Blois whilst he became Count of St Pol, as such he differenced his arms by adding a label. The label is sometimes shown with 3 or 4 “points”.
- 6: WOODVILLE: Argent, a fess and canton conjoined gules. Sir Richard Wydeville (or Woodville) 1385-1441 was the Steward to the Duke of Bedford, Constable of the Tower of London and Captain of Calais. His son Sir Richard 1st Earl Rivers married Jacquetta of Luxemburg and was the father of Elizabeth the co-foundress of Queens’. The family were thought to be of lowly birth, far too lowly for a daughter to espouse a King. For this reason both the 1st Earl’s and Elizabeth’s coats of arms were aggrandised to make them appear nobler if not actually royal
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Isabella of Angoulême
Edith of Wessex
Forfatter/Opretter: MOSSOT, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Abbaye de l'Epau - Gisant de Bérangère de Navarre
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Elizabeth of York
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Castille (English heraldry)
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Anne of Bohemia
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Margaret of France, second wife of King Edward I of England
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Margaret of Anjou. Blason: Parti per pale. Dexter: grand parti per pale, grand dexter: France moderne (for Henry VI as claimant to the throne of France); grand sinister: quarterly 1 and 4 - France moderne, 2 and 3 - England (for Henry VI of England). Sinister: grand parti of six (three over three), i. Barry of eight Argent and Gules (for the Kingdom of Hungary); ii. Azure seme-de-lys Or a label of three points Gules (France ancient a label of three points Gules) (for the Angevin Kingdom of Naples); iii. Argent a cross potent Or cantoned by four crosslets Or (for the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem); iv. Azure seme-de-lys Or a bordure Gules (France ancient a bordure Gules) (for the County of Anjou); v. Azure crusily fitchy two barbels addorsed Or (for the Duchy of Bar) note: the barbels should be addorsed (dorsal fins toward center); vi. Or a bend Gules three alerions Argent (for the Duchy of Lorraine).
Text from: The Heraldry of Queens’ College, Cambridge By David Broomfield BA (Hons)[1]
The curious agglomeration of quarterings in Margaret’s arms can be traced back to the first House of Anjou. Charles Count of Anjou and Maine (d.1285) was the youngest son of Louis VIII King of France. He conquered the Hohenstaufens and made himself King of Naples and Sicily, he also purchased a claim to the, by then fictional, Kingdom of Jerusalem. King Charles’s arms were those of Anjou (Ancient), France differenced by a red label, and Jerusalem. Charles’s son, Charles II King of Naples married Mary daughter of Stephen V and sister of Ladislaus IV Kings of Hungary. Their eldest son, Charles “Martel”, founded his own line of Kings of Hungary that died out in 1382. Charles and Mary’s daughter Margaret married Charles Count of Valois the son of Philip III King of France. Charles of Naples granted to Charles of Valois the Counties of Anjou and Maine. When Joanna Queen of Naples died she bequeathed the kingdom of Naples to Louis Duke of Anjou. Louis was the great grandson of Margaret of Anjou and Charles of Valois. This the second House of Anjou used the arms of France differenced by a red border, giving us Anjou (Modern). Rene, grandson of Louis I, was Duke of Anjou and Titular King of Naples and Jerusalem and by virtue of his marriage to Isabel of Lorraine he was also Duke of Lorraine and Bar. Queen Margaret was Rene’s daughter. Her arms can be delineated thus: HUNGARY: Barry of eight gules and argent. Though contrary to English heraldry this is how the arms of Hungary were and are shown, the four white bars symbolising the rivers of Hungary. Margaret was descended from Mary sister and heiress of Ladislaus the last King of Hungary of the House of Arpad. Margaret’s father Rene of Anjou, Kings of Naples, always used Barry of eight argent and gules as can be seen from many sources. However, I doubt he ever visited Hungary and his connection with that country was remote but his daughter no doubt took her lead from him when it came to the display of her personal heraldry and passed this on to her College. ANJOU (ANCIENT): Azure semy of fleur de lis or a label of three points gules. These were the arms of the first House of Anjou and borne by Charles d.1285, Count of Anjou, conqueror of Naples and claimant to the throne of Jerusalem. Unfortunately in the painting of the arms in the grant the label is wrongly shown as silver a mistake much repeated about the College. These arms became synonymous with the kingdom of Naples. JERUSALEM: Argent a cross potent between four crosses humetty or. The unique nature of Jerusalem was signified by breaking the cardinal rule of heraldry by placing one metal (gold) on another metal (silver). The cross potent (having flat bars at the ends of the arms) was said to symbolise the letters H and I from “Hierusalem”. Again Cooke’s grant depicts the small crosses between the arms as “potent” while not technically wrong and indeed depicted this way in some Medieval books of arms small plain crosses fit the space better. ANJOU (MODERN): Azure semy of fleur de lis or a border gules. The arms as borne by the second House of Anjou begun by Charles of Valois, Count of Anjou the progenitor of the House of Valois and Naples. BAR: Azure semy of cross crosslets fitchy two barbels hauriant and addorsed. The barbels are clearly punning (or canting) references to Bar. The fish have their heads pointing upwards (as opposed to urinant when their heads are at the bottom of the shield) and addorsed means back to back. The crosses should have a point for the lower arms, some versions at Queens’ have it the same as the other arms. The other usual error is to have a specific number of crosses. “Semy” means that the field is spread with charges and they overlap the edges. Cooke also blazons them as “luces”. In the quarterings used by Rene of Anjou the barbels always grip a cross crosslet fitchy in their mouths. This is well attested in contemporary versions of his arms. In Queens’ they appear thus only once, in the stained glass shield of Queen Margaret’s arms in the Old Senior Combination Room making it likely that these date from the 15th Century. LORRAINE: Or on a bend gules three alerions displayed argent. Alerions are eagles that have neither beaks nor claws. They are best shown with a hole in the middle of the head. It was said that Godfrey of Bouillon (or another) fired an arrow that brought down three birds simultaneously. It is also said that “Alerion” is an anagram of “Lor(r)aine”. In mythology it was said that only two birds existed at any time, they laid a pair of eggs every sixty years and they drowned themselves after hatching. To add to the confusion Cooke describes them as “eagles” and they appear as eagles many times in the
College.Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Howard.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Catherine Howard: Royal arms of King Henry VIII impaling quarterly of 4 (blazons, with amendments, from Katherine Howard: The Tragic Story of Henry VIII's Fifth Queen By Josephine Wilkinson[1]):
- 1: Azure, three fleurs-de-lis in pale or between two flaunches ermine (each charged with a rose gules) (first marriage augmentation created for Queen Catherine Howard)
- 2: Royal arms of King Edward I, a label of three points argent for difference (Brotherton) (Arms of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk)
- 3: Gules, on a bend between six cross-crosslets fitchy argent an escutcheon or charged with a demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a double tressure flory counterflory of the first (Howard) (her paternal arms, with Flodden Augmentation granted by King Henry VIII after the Battle of Flodden (1513) to her grandfather Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk)
- 4: Azure, two lions passant guardant in pale within a bordure of four demi-fleur-de-lis issuing from the flanks or (second marriage augmentation created for Queen Catherine Howard) ('Armorial Index', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the City of Cambridge (London, 1959), pp. 397-414. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/cambs/pp397-414) blazoned alternatively: Azure, two lions passant guardant in pale within a bordure of four fleurs-de-lis dimidiated or (blazon per Josephine Wilkinson) Azure, two lions passant guardant in pale the verge of the escutcheon charged with four half fleurs-de-lys or (source: https://aroyalheraldry.weebly.com/blog/tudor-dynasty-the-six-wives-of-king-henry-viii). The lions frequently blazoned simply as "Two lions of England".
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Anne_of_Cleves.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Anne of Cleves
Portrait of Katharina af Aragonien (1485-1536), first hustru of Henrik 8. af England (1491-1547).
Elizabeth Woodville (1437-1492), Queen Consort of Edward IV of England.
The portrait of her shown here is probably a multiple-generation copy of one taken from life. The College has several versions in differing states. She is shown posed in the high fashion of the day, with strained back hair and a partial veil.
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Jane_Seymour.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Jane Seymour. Arms of King Henry VIII impaling quarterly of six:
- 1: Special grant to Jane Seymour and to her brother Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset;
- 2: Gules, two wings conjoined in lure or (Seymour);
- 3: Vair (Beauchamp of Hatch);
- 4: Argent, three demi-lions gules (Esturmy of Wulfhall);
- 5: Per bend gules and argent, three roses bendwise counterchanged (Macwilliam);
- 6 (Barry of six argent and azure) Argent, on a bend gules three leopard's faces or (Coker).
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Joan of Navarre (arms of King Henry IV of England impaling Navarre)
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Philippa of Hainault (1340-1369)
(c) Heralder, CC BY-SA 3.0
Full Ornamented Coat of arms of Philip II of Spain, consort of Mary I of England, from 1556 to 1558.
Margaret of Anjou, wife of King Henry VI
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Lord Guildford Dudley, husband of Lady Jane Grey. Detail of 19th century painting; part of a series. Compare File:Lady Frances Brandon.jpg.
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat of Arms of Catherine of Braganza.svg: Sodacan / derivative work: Sodacan
Coat of Arms of Queen Catherine of Braganza, Consort of King Charles II of England
Anne of Bohemia
Margareta, kraljica Engleske, Ugarske i Hrvatske, sa svojim bratom Filipom II.
Eleanor of Provence
Katherine of Valois
Marriage of Henry V of England to Catherine of Valois British Library, Miniature of the marriage of Henry V and Catharine de Valois: Jean Chartier, Chronique de Charles VII, France (Calais), 1490, and England, before 1494, Royal 20 E. vi, f. 9v.
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat of Arms of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland.svg: Sodacan / derivative work: Sodacan
Coat of Arms of Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland Consort to Queen Anne of Great Britain
Tomb of Joan
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Anne_Boleyn.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Anne Boleyn. Her sinister half shows six quarters, the first three relate to her titles, actual or in pretence, which she bore in right of her husband. Only the last three relate to her own ancestry. Royal arms of King Henry VIII impaling:
Quarterly of 6:
- 1: Duchess of Lancaster: Royal arms of King Henry III with a label of three points of France for difference. As the wife of King Henry VIII, Duke of Lancaster, Anne Boleyn was Duchess of Lancaster. Blasoned otherwise: Plantagenet with a label of three points azure on each point three fleur-de-lis or (Duchy of Lancaster). Arms first borne by w:Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296), the second surviving son of King Henry III (1216-1272). Many commentators have been puzzled by these first three quarters, assuming that they related to Anne's ancestry, not her titles (theoretical or otherwise) on marriage. For example: "The Duchy of Lancaster as one of her quarters alluded to perhaps her descent from Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Prince Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England (the 3rd Earl was a 6x great-grandfather via the Howards and her great-great-grandmother, Elizabeth Beauchamp, Countess of Ormonde)". (quotation from: tudorqueen6.com)
- 2: Countess of Anjou: France ancient, a label of three points gules ("Anjou (ancien)" Anjou-Naples / Angoulême). King Henry VIII considered himself Count of Anjou, by right, although that county had been deprived of the English kings by force in 1453. King Henry VIII also considered himself King of France, by right (King Edward II married the heiress Isabella of France and his son King Edward III duly claimed the throne of France and quartered the royal arms of France, which practice continued until the Hanoverian monarchs), although that kingdom had likewise been deprived of the English kings by force. He described himself as "King of France" on his coins and displayed the royal arms of France in a superior position to the arms of England (Plantagenet, Counts of Anjou). Likewise he still considered himself Count of Anjou, by descent from King Henry II, Count of Anjou. The County of Anjou had been wrested from the English crown in 1453 by the King of France. That did not affect Henry's claim by right to Anjou. The way to express the claim by right heraldically was to assume to himself the arms of the current de facto holder, just as as the King of France by right he had kept up with the arms of France modern adopted by later French kings. These arms were first borne by en:Charles I of Anjou (1226/7-1285), Count of Anjou, King of Naples (youngest son of King w:Louis VIII of France), and thus came to symbolise "the County of Anjou". Many commentators have been puzzled by these first three quarters, assuming that they related to Anne's ancestry, not her titles (theoretical or otherwise) on marriage. For example: "The Anjou-Naples doesn’t even apply to her ancestry .... at the very least, Anne only descended from Margaret of France (7x great-grandmother), daughter of Philip III of the House of Capet!" (quotation from: tudorqueen6.com)
- 3: Duchess of Aquitaine: Gules, a lion passant guardant or (Duke of Aquitaine / Guyenne / Guienne (the name "Guyenne" comes from Aguyenne, a popular transformation of the Roman Province of Aquitania)). King Henry VIII considered himself Duke of Aquitaine, by right, although that duchy had been deprived of the Kings of England by force in 1453. The title Duke of Aquitaine / Duke of Guyenne/Guienne was held by the kings of England from Henry II (1154-1189) (who married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the daughter and heiress of William X, Duke of Aquitaine / Duke of Guyenne) to Henry VI (1422-1461), when the territory was conquered in 1453 by the King of France. In 1469 King Louis XI of France recreated the duché d'Aquitaine (or de Guyenne) for his younger brother w:Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry (d.1472) (Charles de France) who quatertered the Royal arms of France, differenced by a bordure engrailed gules, with one of the lions of Plantagenet, the former dukes from before the heraldic era; thus no other heraldry existed to symbolise Aquitaine other than the arms of Plantagenet. Many commentators have been puzzled by these first three quarters, assuming that they related to Anne's ancestry, not her titles (theoretical or otherwise) on marriage. For example: "Anne Boleyn was descended via her Howard mother from w:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, the 5th son of King Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine".
- 4: Quarterly of 4:
- 1&4: Or, a chief indented azure (Augmented paternal arms of Boleyn (arms of Butler, Earl of Ormonde and Earl of Wiltshire). Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn, who following her royal marriage was created Earl of Wiltshire, Earl of Ormond and Viscount Rochford, all references to his descent from the Butler family, Earls of Ormonde and Earls of Wiltshire. He also was permitted to adopt the arms of Butler (Or, a chief indented azure) as his own, in lieu of his canting paternal arms of Boleyn (Argent, a chevron gules between three bull's heads and necks couped sable armed or). These augmented arms of Butler survive on his Garter stall plate in St George's Chapel, Windsor.
- 2&3: Argent, a lion rampant sable crowned gules (de Rochford of Rochford Hall, Essex, an heiress of Butler) (Burke, Sir Bernard, The General Armory, London, 1884, p.864). Text from: www.rochfordtown.com[1]
"In 1247 Sir Guy de Rochford of Rochford obtained licence from King Henry III to hold a market and fair. In 1340 Edward III granted the Manor of Rochford to William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton. In 1381, the arranged marriage took place at Rochford Hall of Mary de Bohun, aged 11, and Henry Bolingbroke (later King Henry IV), aged 14. Their son was King Henry V. The old stone manor house was replaced by the grander project that would eventually become a magnificent Tudor mansion, with turrets, gables and twisted brick chimneys. James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, inherited Rochford Hall from his ‘de Bohun’ grandmother around 1450 and later added Viceroy of Ireland and Earl of Wiltshire to his titles. He supported Henry VI and the Lancastrian faction during the ‘Wars of the Roses’ and became Earl of Wiltshire. He fought in a number of battles but was executed following the Yorkist victory at Towton in 1461. As a result, his family lost possession of Rochford Hall when the Manor was given to the Duchess of Exeter, the Woodvilles, and then to the Greys. Rochford Hall was returned to Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (brother of the 5th Earl). The Butler coat of arms appears on the fine brick tower of the church. When Thomas Boteler died in 1515, his 72 Manor Estates were divided equally between his two daughters, Anne Butler and Margaret Butler, with Rochford being inherited by Margaret Butler, the wife of Sir William Boleyn".
- 5: Royal arms of King Edward I (Plantagenet), a label of three points argent for difference (Arms of w:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (5th son of King Edward I), an ancestor of the Howard Dukes of Norfolk) (Anne Boleyn's mother was Lady Elizabeth Howard, the eldest daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by his first wife Elizabeth Tilney). As her mother was not an heraldic heiress (she had brothers), Anne would not be entitled under the normal rules of heraldry to quarter the arms of Howard or any Howard quarterings, including Brotherton. Clearly this quartering was sanctioned to appear, if not insisted upon, by King Henry VIII. However as "the king is the fount of all honour", he can grant whatever arms he wishes. It is unthinkable that the idea to display this royal quarterings (and the first three) was the idea of Anne herself. Her nephew Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (died 1547) was later executed by Henry VIII for quartering the royal arms (undifferenced) and the attributed arms of King Edward the Confessor, for which he had insufficient qualification.
- 6: Chequy or and azure (de Warenne, Earl of Surrey (an ancestor of the Howard Dukes of Norfolk). As her mother was not an heraldic heiress (she had brothers), Anne would not be entitled under the normal rules of heraldry to quarter the arms of Howard or any Howard quarterings, including de Warenne. Clearly this quartering was sanctioned to appear, if not insisted upon, by King Henry VIII.
Omission of Boleyn / Bullen paternal arms
Her canting paternal arms of Boleyn / Bullen (Argent, a chevron gules between three bull's heads and necks couped sable armed or) (Boleyn "ancient") were omitted altogether, as they had been superseded by the arms of "Boleyn modern" (Or, a chief indented azure), namely the arms of Butler, Earl of Wiltshire, as an augmentation of honour, granted by Henry VIII to her father Thomas Boleyn, who following her royal marriage was created Earl of Wiltshire, Earl of Ormond and Viscount Rochford. The absence of the paternal arms of Boleyn / Bullen (Boleyn "ancient") has been mis-understood by many commentators. For example it has been suggested that the Boleyn arms were shameful to Anne and the king due to the mercantile origins of the Boleyn family, which although very wealthy, was gentry not nobility. "Anne was the only one of Henry’s English wives who avoided her paternal coat of arms. Katherine Parr, Katherine Howard, and Jane Seymour all displayed their paternal coats of arms because that was the rule which Anne contradicted". (from Ecclesiastical biography, ed. Christopher Wordsworth, p. 590.). "To Katherine Howard, Jane Seymour, and Katherine Parr, Henry also granted augmentations, but in their several achievements the (paternal) coats of Howard, Seymour, and Parr formed the second quarter. Anne Bullen’s is the exception". (Zupanec). (quoted in Source: tudorqueen6.com). Anne was indeed displaying her paternal arms, but augmented paternal arms.Portrait miniature of a lady, perhaps Katherine Howard, by Hans Holbein the Younger.
Philippa of Hainault
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_of_Aragon.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Catherine of Aragon
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Isabella of Valois
en:Marguerite of France (born 1282), second wife and Queen of en:Edward I of England. From [1]
Isabela Francouzská
The Encomium Emmae Reginae (1041-2), London, British Library, MS. Add. 33241 -- Queen en:Emma of Normandy receiving the Encomium Emmae from its author, with her sons Harthacanute and Edward the Confessor in the background.
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Catherine of Valois
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat of Arms of Anne of Denmark.svg: Sodacan / derivative work: Sodacan
Coat of Arms of Queen Anne of Denmark, Consort of King James I of England and VI of Scotland
Enamel effigy of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou on his tomb, formerly at Le Mans Cathedral, now in the Museum of Archeology and History in Le Mans.
Matilda of Flanders, wife of William I of England. From [1]. Originally from "Queens of England" - 1894.
The Queen wears black, probably in mourning for her son, Henry Frederick, Fyrste af Wales who died in 1612.
Anne Neville, a daughter and co-heiress of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick KG (22 November 1428 – 14 April 1471), "Warwick the Kingmaker". She married King Richard III. Arms on her mantle: Royal arms of Richard III impaling Warwick the Kingmaker, quarterly of 7:
- 1:Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick;
- 2:Newburgh, Earl of Warwick;
- 3:Montagu, Earl of Salisbury;
- 4:Monthermer, heiress of Montagu;
- 5:Neville;
- 6:de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan;
- 7: Despencer, Lord of Glamorgan.
Tombs of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England at Fontevraud (detail of Eleaneor's headdress)
Catherine of Braganza, queen of England
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Eleanor of Provence
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat_of_Arms_of_Catherine_Parr.svg: Sodacan
- derivative work: Sodacan (talk)
Coat of Arms of Queen Catherine Parr. Royal arms impaling: Quarterly of six:
- 1st; an Augmentation, Argent, on a Pile Gules, between six Roses Gules, three other Roses Argent,
- 2nd; Argent, two bars Azure, within a bordure engrailed Sable (Parr),
- 3rd; Or, three water-bougets Sable (Ross of Kendal),
- 4th; Vairy, a fesse Gules (Marmion),
- 5th; Azure, three chevrons interlaced in base, a chief Or (FitzHugh),
- 6th; Vert, three harts at gaze Or (Green)
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat of Arms of Mary of Modena.svg: Sodacan / derivative work: Sodacan
Coat of Arms of Queen Mary of Modena, Consort of King James II of England
Matilda of Scotland
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Arms of Isabella of France
Isabella of Angoulême, tomb in the church of Fontevraud Abbey (France)
Forfatter/Opretter:
- Coat of Arms of Henrietta Maria of France.svg: Sodacan / derivative work: Sodacan
Coat of Arms of Queen Henrietta Maria of France, Consort of King Charles I of England