Dobbeltørn

Dobbeltørnen var seldsjukkernes symbol, her i et relief på minaretet den smale minaretens madras (tyrkisk:İnce Minareli Medrese) som ligger i distriktet Selçuklu i provinsen Konya. Madrasen blev bygget i 1264.
Emblem med dobbeltørn, Istanbul, baseret på det Det byzantinske riges insignier. Det venstre (vestre) hoved symboliserer Rom, det højre (østlige) Konstantinopel. Korset og globusen i kløerne symboliserer henholdsvis den åndelige og verdslige autoritet. Relief fra Konstantinopels Ekumeniske patriarkats bygninger.

En Dobbeltørn er en allegorisk, grafisk og heraldisk figur, der gengives som en stiliseret ørn med to ørnehoveder på hver sin hals på samme krop, med en vinge til hver side, med et ben til hver side og med halefjer lige ned.

Dobbeltørn eller lignende fuglefigurer med to hoveder og vinger til siderne, findes på genstande fra hettitterne og kulturer i Mellemøsten, fra antikken og fra Amerika før Columbus. Det er teorier om, at figuren kan have symboliseret en altseende guddom, fordi den har fire øjne og kan flyve over menneskene. Dobbeltørnen skal have været anvendt som symbol for den romerske gud Jupiter. Dobbeltørnen findes også i Lagash, en Sumerisk oldtidsby, hvor den var symbolet for Ninurta, søn af Enlil og byens gud.

Fra senmiddelalderen er denne figur anvendt som symbol på en kejser. Den er anvendt i våbenskjolde for tyske, østrigske og russiske kejsere. Dobbeltørne findes både i offentlige våben såsom landskabsvåben, og i private våben såsom lavsvåben og slægtsvåben fra mange europæiske lande. I skomagerlavets segl fra 1822 i Oslo (Christiania), forekommer der en dobbeltørn, og den findes i flere danske skomagerlavs segl. I norske slægtsvåben er der en dobbeltørn i skjoldets skjoldhoved hos slægten Caspary, som indvandrede ca. 1850 fra Schweiz, mens slægten Lund fra Farsund i skjoldets 1. felt har en ørn med to halse uden hoveder. I Italien skal en dobbeltørn i skjoldhovedet symbolisere, at slægten var ghibellinere (tilhængere af den tysk-romerske kejser).

Dobbeltørn anvendes også som symbol for den ortodokse kirke.

Eksempler på anvendelse af dobbeltørne

Litteratur

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(c) Goran tek-en, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Coat of arms of the city of en:Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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Forfatter/Opretter: Fabienkhan modified by Ewan ar Born, Licens: CC BY-SA 2.5

A double-headed eagle relief, 13th-century (Seljuk/Ayyubid period) architectural fragment found at Konya (now in Ince Minare Museum). It has also been suggested that the double-headed eagle may have been used as "personal insignia" by sultan Kayqubad I (r. 1220–1237).[1]

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and the County of Tyrol.
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Coat of arms of the Dutch municipality of Bolsward.
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