Citrus
| Citrus | |
|---|---|
 Skiver af forskellige citrusfrugter. | |
| Videnskabelig klassifikation | |
| Rige | Plantae (Planter) |
| Division | Magnoliophyta (Dækfrøede planter) |
| Klasse | Magnoliopsida (Tokimbladede) |
| Orden | Sapindales (Sæbetræ-ordenen) |
| Familie | Rutaceae (Rude-familien) |
| Slægt | Citrus |
| Hjælp til læsning af taksobokse | |
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Citrus er det fælles navn for en slægt, der er udbredt i det tropiske og subtropiske Asien med ca. 140 arter og naturlige hybrider[1]. Ordet citrus kommer af græsk kedros via latin cedrus. Disse ord blev brugt af oldtidens grækere og romere om flere forskellige træer med duftende løv eller ved (citrus har samme oprindelse som plantenavnet for Ceder, der også var kendt for sit velduftende ved).en
Slægtens taxonomi og systematiske forhold er komplekse, og man kender ikke det præcise antal naturligt forekommende arter. Det skyldes, at mange af de navngivne arter formeres vegetativt som kloner, og desuden er der beviser for, at ægte vilde arter i virkeligheden er spontane hybrider[2]. Dyrkede former af Citrus kan muligvis føres tilbage til så få som fire oprindelige arter.[3][4] De spontane og fremavlede hybrider omfatter økonomisk betydningsfulde frugter som appelsin, grapefrugt, citron visse former for lime og nogle af tangerinerne.en
Forskning tyder på, at nærtstående slægter som Fortunella (kumquat), Poncirus (dværgcitron) og muligvis de australske slægter Microcitrus og Eremocitrus,en bør høre hjemme i Citrus, hvortil de fleste botanikere henfører dem til i dag.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Citrus-arter og afledte hybridarter
Citrus-arter, som vi kender dem, er resultatet af seksuel hybridisering mellem fire oprindelige arter, hvilket har ledt til et stort antal hybridarteren. Nedenstående oversigt er fortrinsvis baseret på den taksonomiske oversigt i Kalita et al. (2021).[4]Her nævnes kun de arter, som har økonomisk betydning.
| Arter |
- Appelsin (Citrus sinensis)
- Cedrat (Citrus medica) – Sukatfrugt
- Citron (Citrus limon)
- Grapefrugt (Citrus paradisi)
- Ugli (C. reticulata × paradisi)
- Lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
- Klementin (Citrus clementina)
- Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
- Pomelo eller Pompelmus (Citrus maxima eller Citrus grandis)
- Pomerans (Citrus aurantium)
- Kumquat (Citrus japonica)
Noter
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Taxonomy for Plants, Citrus-slægten
- ^ E. Nicolosi, Z.N. Deng, A. Gentile, S. La Malfa, G. Continella og E. Tribulato: "Citrus" phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers i Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000
- ^ Bayer, R.J., Mabberley, D.J., Morton, C., Miller, C.H., Sharma, I.K., Pfeil, B.E., Rich, S., Hitchcock, R., Sykes, S. (2009) A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences Arkiveret 28. oktober 2022 hos Wayback Machine. American Journal of Botany 96: 668-85. doi: 10.3732/ajb.0800341.
- ^ a b Kalita, B., Roy, A., Annamalai, A., Lakshmi, P.T.V. (2021) A molecular perspective on the taxonomy and journey of Citrus domestication. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 53: 125644 doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2021.125644.
- ^ E. Nicolosi, Z.N. Deng, A. Gentile, S. La Malfa, G. Continella og E. Tribulato: "Citrus" phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers i Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2000 + E. Freitas de Araújo. L. de Queiroz, L. Paganucci og M.A. Machado: What is "Citrus"? Taxonomic implications from a study of cp-DNA evolution in the tribe Citreae (Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae) i Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2003
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Genetic-Origin-of-the-Citrus-Accessions-Considered-in-This-Study-Maternal-and-paternal_fig1_329816118/amp
- ^ TANGERINE (Kinnow) | Chandigarh Ayurved & Panchakarma Centre
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Admixture-proportion-and-citrus-genealogy-a-Allelic-proportion-of-five-progenitor_fig2_322991573/amp
- ^ Botanical Accuracy: The species names of citrus - a sweet, sour, and sticky mess
- ^ https://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/genomics/agricultural/citrus-fruits-origins-2018.html
- ^ img-3_books.openedition.org_pcjb_docannexe_image_2169_img-3 | Culham Research Group
- ^ Citrus deliciosa - Useful Tropical Plants
- ^ Seedless Kishu mandarin | Givaudan Citrus Variety Collection at UCR
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Forfatter/Opretter:
- Citrus_paradisi_(Grapefruit,_pink).jpg: א (Aleph)
- derivative work: — raeky
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Diese Fotografie zeigt zwei Grapefruits (Citrus ×paradisi) mit rotem Fruchtfleisch, eine davon in Stücke geschnitten.
Citrus fruits
More than 70 percent of all citrus fruits grown in the United States are varieties developed by the ARS citrus breeding program.
In Florida, the ARS has developed citrus varieties that are higher yielding with increased disease resistance, better color, and longer shelf life. A major success story is Ambersweet, a cold-hardy citrus that's been approved for use in orange juice products. Because it withstands Florida's occasional cold snaps that can ruin most citrus, Ambersweet is being widely planted in the Sunshine State. It took 20 years of patient breeding to develop it, but the payoff is huge.
If there's usually a grapefruit in your shopping cart, you may already have met up with a favorite ARS-created variety. It's a red-fleshed, thin-skinned, seedless grapefruit that was developed and released in 1987. Since then, over 4 million Flame nursery trees have been propagated in Florida. No other grapefruit variety has ever been so widely accepted and planted.
Orange sections can now be prepared by a patented ARS process that uses commercially available food-grade enzymes. The process also removes the bitter white portion of grapefruit peel, eliminating hand-peeling and allowing more precise portion control. And the prepeeled fruit is ideal for school lunch programs and restaurants.