Britiske dronninger og prinsgemaler

Prins Albert var den eneste prinsgemal, der officielt blev tildelt titlen prinsgemal, til forskel fra den sædvanlige skik med at udnævne mandlige ægtefæller til hertuger.

De britiske dronninger og prinsgemaler dækker ægtefæller til de regerende konger eller dronninger af Det Forenede Kongerige af Storbritannien. Gemalerne i det britiske monarki og dets forgængere har ingen forfatningsmæssig status eller magt, men mange havde betydelig indflydelse på deres ægtefæller. Nogle kongelige gemaler, såsom den seneste prinsgemal Prins Philip, hertug af Edinburgh, har også medvirket til at forbedre monarkiets image ved at blive berømtheder i deres eget navn. Prins Philip er den længst siddende og ældste gemal nogensinde. Hans svigermor, Dronning Elizabeth, der døde i en alder af 101 år, levede længere, men da hun døde var hun ikke gemal, da hendes mand Kong Georg 6. var død 50 år tidligere.

Historie

Siden foreningen af England og Skotland i 1707 har der været ti gemaler til den britiske monark. Dronninger mellem 1727 og 1814 var også kurfyrstinder af Hannover, da deres mænd alle havde titlen som kurfyrste af Hannover. Mellem 1814 og 1837 havde dronninger også titel af dronning af Hannover, da deres mænd var konger af Hannover. Den personlige union med Det Forenede Kongerige sluttede i 1837 ved Dronning Victorias tronbestigelse, fordi arvelovene i Hannover ikke tillod en kvinde at arve tronen, hvis der var en levende mandlig arving (i Storbritannien havde en mand kun forrang over sin egne søstre, indtil ændringen af den britiske tronfølgelov i 2013, som fjernede mandlige førstefødselsret. I Den preussisk-østrigske krig i 1866 blev Hannover annekteret af Preussen og blev indkorporeret som Provinsen Hannover.

Undtagelser

Ikke alle hustruer til monarker er blevet gemaler, da de kan være døde, blevet skilt, fået erklæret deres ægteskab ugyldigt, inden deres mænd besteg tronen eller blev gift efter abdiceringer. Sådanne tilfælde inkluderer:

Et usædvanlig tilfælde var Karoline af Braunschweig, der var blevet separeret fra sin mand Georg 4. forud for hans tronbestigelse, og selvom hun i realiteten var hans gemal, blev hun holdt væk fra hoffet og blev med magt afskåret fra at deltage i George 4.'s kroning og selv blive kronet. Dette medførte offentlig forargelse.

Alle kvindelige gemaler har haft ret til at være og blevet tituleret som dronninger. Imidlertid er ingen af de tre britiske mandlige gemaler, der har været siden 1707, blevet betragtet som kongegemaler:

Siden 1707 har kun Georg 1. og Edvard 8. været ugifte gennem hele deres regeringsperioder.

Dronninger og prinsgemaler i Kongeriget Storbritannien (1707-1801) og Det Forenede Kongerige af Storbritannien (1801 - nuværende)

Huset Stuart

BilledeVåbenskjoldNavnForældreFødtÆgteskabBlev prinsgemalKroningOphør som prinsgemalDødHvilestedÆgtefælle
Prins Jørgen af Danmark og NorgeFar, Frederik 3. af Danmark og Norge

Mor, Sophie Amalie af Braunschweig-Lüneburg
2. april 165328. juli 16831. maj 1707

Oprettelse af Kongeriget Storbritannien
Ikke kronet28. oktober 1708
55 år


 
Westminster AbbeyAnne

Huset Hannover

BilledeVåbenskjoldNavnForældreFødtÆgteskabBlev dronning/prinsgemalKroningOphør som dronning/prinsgemalDødHvilestedÆgtefælle
Karoline af Brandenburg-AnsbachFar, Johan Frederik, Margrave af Brandenburg-Ansbach

Mor, Eleonora Erdmuthe af Saxe-Eisenach
1. marts 168322. august 170511. juni 1727

Mands tronbestigelse
11. oktober 172720. november 1737

54 år

Westminster AbbeyGeorg 2.
Charlotte af Mecklenburg-StrelitzFar, Karl Ludvig Frederik af Mecklenburg

Mor, Elisabeth Albertine af Sachen-Hildburghausen
19. maj 17448. september 176122. september 176117. november 1818

74 år

St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleGeorg 3.
Karoline af Braunschweig-WolfenbüttelFar, Karl Vilhelm Ferdinand, hertug af Branschweig-Wolfenbüttel

Mor, Augusta af Storbritannien
17. maj 17688. april 179529. januar 1820

Mands tronbestigelse
Ikke kronet7. august 1821

53 år  

Katedralen i BraunschweigGeorg 4.
Adelaide af Sachen-MeiningenFar, Georg 1., hertug af Sachen-Meiningen

Mor, Louise Eleanore af Hohenlohe-Langenburg
13. august 179213. juli 181826. juni 1830

Mands tronbestigelse
8. september 183120. juni 1837

Mands død
2. december 1849

56 år  

St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleVilhelm 4.
Albert af Sachen-Coburg og GothaFar, Ernst 1., hertug af Saxe-Coburg og Gotha

Mor, Louise af Sachen-Gotha-Altenburg
26. august 181910. februar 1840Ikke kronet14. december 1861

42 år

St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle derefter Frogmore MausoleumVictoria

Huset Sachsen-Coburg og Gotha, omdøbt til Huset Windsor i 1917

BilledeVåbenskjoldNavnForældreFødtÆgteskabBlev dronning/prinsgemalKroningOphør som dronning/pringsgemalDødHvilestedÆgtefælle
Alexandra af DanmarkFar, Christian 9. af Danmark

Mor, Louise af Hessen-Kassel
1. december 184410. marts 186322. januar 1901

Mands tronbestigelse
9. august 19026. maj 1910

Mands død
20. november 1925

80 år

St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleEdvard 7.
Mary af TeckFar, Frans, hertug af Teck

Mor, Mary Adelaide af Cambridge
26. maj 18676. juli 18936. maj 1910

Mands tronbestigelse
22. juni 191120. januar 1936

Mands død
24. marts

1953

85 år 

St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleGeorg 5.
Lady Elizabeth Bowes-LyonFar, Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14. jarl af Strathmore og Kinghorne

Mor, Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck
4. august 190026. april 192311. december 1936

Mands tronbestigelse
12. maj 19376. februar 1952

Mands død
30. marts 2002
101 år 
St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleGeorg 6.
Philip af Grækenland og Danmark
ændret i 1947 til
Philip Mountbatten
Far, Andreas af Grækenland
Mor, Alice af Battenberg
10. juni 192120. november 19476. februar 1952

Hustrus tronbestigelse
Ikke kronet9. april 2021
99 år
St George's Chapel, Windsor CastleElizabeth 2.
Camilla ShandFar, Bruce Shand
Mor, Rosalind Cubitt
17. juli 19479. april 20058. september 2022

Mands tronbestigelse
6. maj 2023
Nuværende
Charles 3.

Referencer

Eksterne links

Medier brugt på denne side

Coat of Arms of George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Personligt våbenskjold for Prins Jørgen af Danmark og Norge, Hertug af Cumberland. Prinsgemal til Dronning Anne af Storbritannien. Moderne tegning.
Coat of Arms of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of arms of Queen Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Consort of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.jpg
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1792-1849), queen of the United Kingdom
Prince George as Lord High Admiral.jpg
Prince George of Denmark and Norway, husband of the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, wearing a ducal robe with the collar of the Garter.
Coat of arms of Queen Camilla.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 4.0
Coat of arms of Queen Camilla.
Dupont - Caroline of Brunswick, Princess of Wales.jpg
Caption from the museum's website / Gallery label

Caroline of Brunswick married her first cousin, George, Prince of Wales on 8 April 1795. Later in the month the Prince told John Hoppner that the King (George III) wished for a portrait of the bride. In August 1795 Hoppner somehow offended George III and the commission was given to Gainsborough Dupont, who had kept up his uncle's studio in Schomberg House.

The Princess sat to Dupont in June 1795; by March 1796 the portrait was finished, though the frame was not ready for the Royal Academy exhibition of that year and the painting was rejected as a consequence.

The Princess is shown in her wedding dress wearing a miniature of her husband on her breast.

Prince Albert - Partridge 1840.jpg
Painted for Queen Victoria. Portrait of Prince Albert; the three chains are (from top to bottom) the collars of the orders of the Golden Fleece, Bath and Garter.
Coat of Arms of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0

'’’Coat of Arms of Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Empress of India from 1936 – 1952’’’, (born 1900) granted in 1936 after the accession of her husband Albert, Duke of York as King George VI. The Queen continued to use the coat of arms as ‘’’Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother’’’ until her death in 2002.


The Royal arms, impaling, quarterly, First and Fourth, Argent, a lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second (For Lyon); Second and Third, Ermine, three bows, strings palewise Proper (For Bowes), the whole surrounded by the Garter; for a Crest, the imperial crown Proper; for Supporters, dexter a lion rampant guardant Or, imperially crowned Proper, sinister, a lion per fess Or and Gules; in the compartment below the shield, with the Union rose, shamrock and thistle engrafted on the same stem.
  • PINCHES, J.H & R.V., The Royal Heraldry of England, 1974, Heraldry Today.
Coat of Arms of Alexandra of Denmark.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of Arms of Alexandra of Denmark, Queen of the United Kingdom
Queen Mary by William Llewellyn.jpg
Coronation portrait of Queen Mary of Teck
CHOGM Commonwealth Big Lunch on April 17, 2018 - 007 (cropped).jpg
Forfatter/Opretter: The Big Lunch, Licens: CC BY-SA 2.0
The Commonwealth Big Lunch on April 17, 2018 was held in London as part of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
Prince Philip of Edinburgh.jpg
Reproduction of a photograph of Prince Phillip, which is under my property.
Dance - Queen Charlotte, Hermitage.jpg
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744-1818), queen of Great Britain and Ireland, in an official portrait painted shortly after her wedding
Coat of Arms of Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0

Coat of arms of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the Prince Consort (born 1819), consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1840, until his death in 1861.

On his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840, Prince Albert was granted his own personal coat of arms, which was the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a three-point label bearing a red cross in the centre, quartered with the arms of Saxony. The blazon is written as: "Quarterly, 1st and 4th, the Royal Arms, with overall a label of three points Argent charged on the centre with cross Gules; 2nd and 3rd, Barry of ten Or and Sable, a crown of rue in bend Vert". The Prince's peculiar arms was a "singular example of quartering differenced arms, [which] is not in accordance with the rules of Heraldry, and is in itself an heraldic contradiction." Prior to his marriage he used the arms of his father, undifferenced, following German practice.

On his stallplate as a Knight of the Garter his coat of arms is ensigned by a royal crown and shows the six crests of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; these are from left to right: 1. "A bull's head caboshed Gules armed and ringed Argent, crowned Or, the rim chequy Gules and Argent" for Mark. 2. "Out of a coronet Or, two buffalo's horns Argent, attached to the outer edge of each five branches fesswise each with three linden leaves Vert" for Thuringia. 3. "Out of a coronet Or, a pyramidal chapeau charged with the arms of Saxony ensigned by a plume of peacock's feathers Proper out of a coronet also Or" for Saxony. 4. "A bearded man in profile couped below the shoulders clothed paly Argent and Gules, the pointed coronet similarly paly terminating in a plume of three peacock's feathers" for Meissen. 5. "A demi griffin displayed Or, winged Sable, collared and langued Gules" for Jülich. 6. "Out of a coronet Or, a panache of peacock's feathers Proper" for Berg.

The supporters were the crowned lion of England and the unicorn of Scotland (as in the Royal Arms) charged on the shoulder with a label as in the arms. Albert's personal motto is the German Treu und Fest (Loyal and Sure).
Queen Caroline Kneller.jpg
Caroline of Ansbach (1683-1737), Queen of the United Kingdom
Coat of Arms of Mary of Teck.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of Arms of Mary of Teck, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India
Coat of Arms of Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of Arms of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born 1921, died 2021) granted in 1949 to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark (Sir Philip Mountbatten) consort to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In 1947 the Prince was made Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich by King George VI. The coat of arms represents his lineage as a Prince of Greece and Denmark on his paternal side and his descent of the Mountbatten family on his maternal side.
Quarterly, First Or, semée of hearts Gules, three lions passant in pale Azure (For Denmark), Second Azure, a cross Argent (For Greece), Third Argent, two pallets Sable (For Battenberg or Mountbatten), Fourth Argent, upon a rock Proper a castle triple towered Sable, masoned Argent, windows, port, turret-caps and vanes Gules (For Edinburgh), the whole surrounded by the Garter; for a crest, upon a coronet of a son of the sovereign Proper, the royal helm Or, upon which issuant from a ducal coronet Or, a plume of five ostrich feathers alternately Sable and Argent; Mantling Or and ermine; for Supporters, dexter, a representation of Hercules girt about the loins with a lion skin, crowned with a chaplet of oak leaves, holding in the dexter hand a club Proper, sinister, a lion queue fourchée ducally crowned Or and gorged with a naval coronet Azure; Motto ’God Is My Help’.
Coat of Arms of Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of arms of Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Consort of King George II of Great Britain.
Coat of Arms of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1816–1818).svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of arms of Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Consort of King George III of the United Kingdom.
Coat of Arms of Caroline of Brunswick.svg
Forfatter/Opretter: Sodacan, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Coat of arms of Queen Caroline of Brunswick, Consort of King George IV of the United Kingdom.