Bejliket Tunis
Bejliket Tunis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15. juli 1705–1881 | |||||||||
 Flag  Nationalvåben | |||||||||
| Hovedstad | Tunis | ||||||||
| Regeringsform | Monarki | ||||||||
| Bej | |||||||||
| Historie | |||||||||
• Etableret | 15. juli 1705 | ||||||||
• Franske protektorat Tunesien | 12. maj 1881 | ||||||||
| Valuta | Tunesiske rial | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Bejliket Tunis var et autonomt beylik af det Osmanniske rige, det blev grundlagt den 15. juli, 1705, efter at Hafsidene ledet af Al-Husayn I ibn Ali at-Turki besejrede de tyrkiske Deys der kontrollerede hvad der nu er Tunesien.
Historie
Selvom dejene blev besejret, fortsatte Tunesien at være en vassal af det osmanniske rige, I det 19. århundrede blev landet mest autonome, selv om det stadig var officielt en osmannisk provins. I 1861 vedtog Tunesien den første forfatning i den arabiske verden, men en bevægelse mod uafhængighed blev hæmmet af den fattige økonomi og politiske uro. I 1869 erklærede Tunesien sig konkurs, og en international finansiel kommission med repræsentanter fra Frankrig, Det Forenede Kongerige og Italien tog kontrol over økonomien.
Tunesien blev et protektorat af Frankrig den 12. maj 1881, efter at franskmændene hævdede, at tunesiske tropper havde krydset grænsen til deres koloni i Algeriet. Tunesien modtog senere sin uafhængighed fra Frankrig den 20. marts 1956.[1]
Noter
Medier brugt på denne side
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Flag of Tunisia until 1999.
Forfatter/Opretter: Ewan ar Born, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
A flag supposedly used by the bey of Tunis in the 19th century; the design is based on Flaggenbuch. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben vom Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine. (1939). Compare the following report from The Flag Bulletin, no. 195, Sep.-Oct. 2000, pp. 171-194:
- "Another flag (Fig. 15), possibly introduced by Bey Hussein II, served on many occasions -- including the proclamation of the new Ottoman constitution on 21 March 1840. Referred to as the "state standard of the Regency," (note: Henri Hugon, "Les Emblèmes des beys de Tunis" (Paris: Leroux, 1913), p. 64) this flag was more than simply a personal banner of the ruler, although it appeared at ceremonies and visits in which the bey participated (note: Si Hassen Hosni Abdel-Wahab, "Note on the History of the Tunisian Flag" (Tunis, 1957), p. 3. The author claimed the standard was already three centuries old.). It was regularly used on the Bardo Palace, on the Citadel of Tunis, and on navy ships (note: Ibid and the captions of "Verzameling der Vlaggen by alle natien in gebruik" (Amsterdam, 1835-1850), a manuscript in the library of the Flag Research Center, illustration No. 37.). The design of the standard (note: The flag --perhaps an elaborated version of the 1765 standard (...)-- as it appears in Smith 1975 [The Flag Book of the United States — The Story of the Stars and Stripes and the Flags of the Fifty States], p. 55, is an illustration from 1835 reproduced from the Verzameling.) varied somewhat over the years, but the basic elements were constant. (...) A simplified version of the standard (four stripes alternately green and red with sword of Ali overall in white) appeared on the white oval shield in the arms of the Regency, officially adopted in 1861 but in use earlier (Fig. 16) -- a rare example of a flag serving as the principal charge in the coat of arms of a country."
Forfatter/Opretter: Abjiklam, Licens: CC BY-SA 3.0
Tunisian flag during the first half of the 19th century.
Forfatter/Opretter: Samhanin, Licens: CC BY 3.0
Coat of arms of the Beylik of Tunis (19th century)