Absolut gehør
Absolut gehør, også kaldet perfekt gehør, er en evne til at bestemme en tonehøjde (frekvens) eller gengive en bestemt tone, ofte kammertonen, uden hjælp fra en referencetone. Det er kun ganske få mennesker – omkring 1 ud af 10.000 – der har absolut gehør; gruppen af mennesker, der har 'almindeligt' gehør er markant større. Blandt autister forekommer evnen oftere; hos måske op mod hver tyvende autist.[1]
Det er værd at bemærke, at absolut gehør også kan forekomme som en selvstændig evne, der kan være genetisk arvet, uden nødvendigvis at være forbundet med autisme.
I de senere år har absolut gehør været genstand for megen musikvidenskabelig forskning. Forskere har blandt andet påvist, at der er stor forskel på hvor lette toner er at genkende, ligesom toner fra de hvide klavertangenter er lettere at genkende end dem fra de sorte.[2][3] Trods forskningen indenfor området, findes der stadig ingen forklaring på fænomenet. Dog viser studier af familier, herunder tvillinger, at absolut gehør synes at være arveligt betinget. Det er desuden påvist, at der er en sammenhæng mellem modersmål og absolut gehør; blandt mennesker, der taler mandarin er der markant flere, der har absolut gehør end blandt mennesker, der taler engelsk.[4]
En gruppe forskere fra University of Surrey (en) lavede et forsøg med en gruppe voksne musikere, der viste at absolut gehør kan læres og udgav en artikel om det i 2025.[5][6]
Referencer
- ^ "Karen Brøndum Nielsen: Autisme" (PDF). Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 21. august 2007. Hentet 23. februar 2009.
- ^ eportfolio.musikkons.dk: Anders Dohn: Behavioral and neural correlates of absolute pitch ability. Summary, backup
- ^ eportfolio.musikkons.dk: In 2012 cand. musicae Anders Dohn defended his PhD thesis on perfect pitch : Behavioral and neural correlates of absolute pitch ability, backup
- ^ Klassisk musik påvirkes af komponistens modersmål Berlingske Tidende 23. november 2004, backup
- ^ Artikelomtale: University of Surrey. (2025, February 12). Adults can learn absolute pitch: new research challenges long-held musical belief. ScienceDaily Citat: "...Despite the widespread belief that absolute pitch is impossible to learn in adulthood, participants made significant progress, learning to identify an average of seven musical pitches with 90% accuracy or higher. Notably, two participants achieved fast and accurate performance with all twelve pitches comparable to those naturally possessing this skill in the real world. Dr Yetta Wong, principal investigator and lecturer and the University of Surrey said: "Our findings provide compelling evidence that absolute pitch is not limited to a select few. With focused training, adults can acquire this remarkable skill, much like how they learn other complex cognitive skills."..."
- ^ Open access: Yetta Kwailing Wong, Leo Y. T. Cheung, Vince S. H. Ngan, Alan C.-N. Wong. Learning fast and accurate absolute pitch judgment in adulthood. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2025; DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02620-2 Citat: "...Twelve musicians on average spent 21.4 h completing 15,327 training trials. By the end of the training, they learned to name an average of 7.08 pitches (ranging from 3 to 12) at an accuracy of 90% or above and within a response-time (RT) window of 1,305–2,028 ms. After training, pitch-naming accuracy was significantly improved by 128.1% (from .139 to .317) and size of error reduced by 42.7% (from 2.62 to 1.50 semitones) for the trained timbre, which generalized partially to an untrained timbre. Overall, results provide more convincing evidence for the learnability of AP judgment in adulthood beyond the critical period, similar to most perceptual and cognitive abilities..."
Eksterne henvisninger
- tonedear.com: Perfect Pitch Quiz
- perfectpitch.training: Perfect Pitch Test for Ear Training Practice
- YouTube: Have You Got PERFECT PITCH? Take the Test to find out!
- YouTube: What kind of pitch do you have? Relative or Perfect? Test it now!
- Absolut gehørs-test Arkiveret 6. marts 2009 hos Wayback Machine
Spire Denne musikartikel er en spire som bør udbygges. Du er velkommen til at hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den. |