Codex Vigilanus Primeros Numeros Arabigos

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The first Arabic/Hindu (Ghobar type) numerals in a Western manuscript, AD 976. From Codex Vigilanus. The text reads as follows: Scire debemus in Indos subtilissimum ingenium habere, et ceteras gentes eis in arithmetica et geometrica, et ceteris liberalibus disciplinis concedere. Et hoc manifestum est in novem figuris quibus designant unumquemque gradum cuiuslibet gradus quarum hec sunt forma 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 meaning "We must know that the Indians have a very fine talent, and that other nations should concede to them in arithmetic and geometry, and the other liberal disciplines. And this is manifest in the nine figures which designate each position of each number, of which the form is 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1"

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